By 1770 Chardin was the ' Premier peintre du roi ', and his pension of 1, 400 livres was the highest in the Academy.

By 1770, all the languages belonging to the Finno-Ugric languages had been identified, almost 20 years before the traditional starting-point of Indo-European studies.

By 1770, the castle had fallen into disrepair, and many parts of it were demolished during the late 18th century and early 19th century.

By 1770 it was the fourth largest port in the colonies, after only Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, with a population of 11, 000, slightly more than half of that slaves.

By the end of 1770 missions and military presidios had been founded at San Diego to the south of Chumash lands and Monterey, to their north.

By amazing coincidence, when Captain Cook passed the area on 12 May 1770 he named the mountains Three Brothers, since " these Hills bore some resemblance to each other ".

By 1770 British traders were exporting 40, 000 to 60, 000 slaves annually.

By 1770, the British were exporting far more prints than they were importing, largely due to Boydell.

By 1770, Washington was publicly condemning Gage's actions in asserting British authority in Massachusetts.

By 1770, Nicholas had established great wealth through farming and trade during the wars, and had also gained military experience as a Captain of a Militia.

By 1770 Herder went to Strasbourg, where he met the young Goethe.

By 1770, the Amish migration had largely ceased.

By 1770, the building was handed over to the Royal Stables, who used it for various purposes until its demolition in 1815.

By 1770, only 4 churches and 4 ministers remained of the General Baptist persuasion.

By 1770, only four churches and four ministers remained of the General Baptist persuasion.

By his marriage in 1770 to Susanna Harvey ( 1747 – 1802 ) he had an only child, Amelia ( 1780 – 1857 ), who in 1801 married John Lewis Moilliet of Geneva, afterwards merchant and banker of Birmingham.

By Frederick William III of Prussia ( 3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840 ); married on 24 December 1793.

By 1770, however, little had been done, and it was the fifth Duke who set about rebuilding the town in its present form.

By 1769, barges were using part of the cut, and in May 1770 an opening date of 2 July was set.

By 1770 he had become a major in the 28th Foot.

By the year 1770 the establishment had so expanded that, including the gun wharf, it stretched a mile ( 1. 6 km ) in length, and included an area of in excess of 95 acres ( 384, 000 m² ), possessing four slip ways and four large docks.

By 1770 he was a colonel and its leader.

By 1770, her home on Hill Street had become the premiere salon in London.

* No. 33: By Robert Adam ( 1770 – 72 ) replacing an earlier house.

By 1770, that Plains Indians culture was mature, consisting of mounted buffalo-hunting nomads from Saskatchewan and Alberta southward nearly to the Rio Grande.

By 1759, King Alaungpaya's Konbaung forces had reunited all of Burma ( and Manipur ), extinguished the Mon-led Hanthawaddy dynasty once and for all, and driven out the European powers who provided arms to Hanthawaddy — the French from Thanlyin and the English from Negrais.

By 1759, Alaungpaya's forces had reunited all of Burma ( and Manipur ), and driven out the French and the British who had provided arms to Hanthawaddy.

By Otto's marriage to Eilika, daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony, the Ascanians became heirs to half of the property of the House of Billung, former dukes of Saxony.

By the end of the year, he completed the manuscript for Astronomia nova, though it would not be published until 1609 due to legal disputes over the use of Tycho's observations, the property of his heirs.

By the 6th century, three states had emerged as the political and cultural heirs of the Meroitic kingdom.

By the Middle Ages it came to be a tradition to evade the inequality between daughters and sons via a legal fiction, in which the father claims that he is indebted to his daughter for a certain sum of money, and that this debt is due by him and his heirs, and then makes a formal agreement that this debt is to be paid upon his death, either in cash or as a proportion of his estate equal to half the share of one of the sons ; by this legal mechanism, the daughter would either gain a share in her father's estate, or a sum of money equal to its value.

By the Charter of Charles II, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, to his trustie and well beloved subject, William Penn, Esq., sonne and heire of Sir William Penn, for the Colony of Pennsylvania, the grantee, William Penn, was given power and authority to erect counties, in the following words: " And we do further for us, our heires and successors, give and grant unto the said William Penn, his heirs and assignees, free and absolute power to divide the said countrey and islands into townes, into boroughes and counties, etc .," whereupon William Penn did divide the Province into three counties, Philadelphia, Bucks and Chester.

By 1375, the king had commissioned John Barbour to write the poem, The Brus, a history intended to bolster the public image of the Stewarts as the genuine heirs of Robert I.

By a very extensive charter in The Great Seal of Scotland, confirmed at Whitehall, London, on 4 December 1660, Charles Maitland and his heirs male by his marriage were bound to " take the name of Lauder and bear the Arms of Lauder of Haltoun ", which was done in accordance with the charter by John Maitland, Charles 2nd son, who received a baronetcy of Nova Scotia as Sir John Lauder.

By virtue of their large estates, many counts could pass the title to their heirs — but not always.

By this, he was invoking the terms of Baldwin IV's will, terms already broken by Guy and Sibylla: in the event of the death of his nephew Baldwin V it had been Baldwin's will that Baldwin V's " most rightful heirs " were to hold the regency until the succession could be settled by the King of England, the King of France, and the Holy Roman Emperor.

By a similar policy he exacted obedience from the O ' Mores, the O ' Tooles and the O ' Conors in Leix and Offaly ; and having conciliated the O ' Briens in the west and the Earl of Desmond in the south, he carried an act in the Irish parliament in Dublin conferring the title of King of Ireland on Henry VIII and his heirs.

By 1199 the estate had been annexed by the Norman rulers and was placed into the extensive estates belonging to the heirs of Odo, Bishop of Bayeux: the Sandfords.

By this lease the manor and mansion-house of Knole and the park, with the deer, and also Panthurst Park and other lands, were demised to the latter for the term of ninety-nine years at a rent of 200 £ The landlord was to do all repairs, and reserved the very remarkable right to himself and his heirs of occupying the mansion-house as often as he or they chose to do so, but this right did not extend to the gate-house, nor to certain other premises.

By rules laws of inheritance followed by most European monarchies of the time Ivan could claim that he and his offspring were heirs of the fallen Empire, but the Roman traditions of the empire had never recognized automatic inheritance of the Imperial office.

By 466 BC, the Sicilian Greek cities had broken away from the dominions of Gelo and Theron and had overthrown the tyrants ’ heirs, so in place of 3 Greek power blocks dominating Sicily ( those of Syracuse, Akragas and Rhegion ), 11 bickering Greek commonwealths came into being by 461 BC.

By the English law of treason their estates were forfeited to the crown, but the committee of the Privy Council to whom the matter was referred reported that, although the trial was in conformity to the forms of law, they nevertheless recommended the restoration of the estates to their heirs.

By the tradition of primogeniture, he was the rightful claimant, and that tradition had been followed in choosing heirs to the Scottish throne since King Edgar in 1097.

By his marriage with Juana Pimentel, Alvaro de Luna had two children, his legitimate heirs:

By modern doctrine, the first and second creations descended to the Earls of Westmorland, heirs of the 7th and 5th Baroness, until both became abeyant on the death of the 7th Earl ( and 14th and 12th Baron ) in 1762.

By that time, Lillie had headrights for herself, her late husband and two daughters, making her heirs fabulously wealthy.

By that time Sweden had enacted new laws of succession, however, that specifically excluded Charles Frederick and his heirs due to their Russian politics.

By the time of Charlemagne, the first Frank to be called an emperor of Rome ( in 800 AD ), the kings of the Franks had come to be recognized as heirs to the Western Roman empire.

By the modern rules of the House of Lords, his uncle's title fell into abeyance between the daughters of William West's second uncle, Sir Owen West, or their heirs ; however, as Cokayne notes, such rules are at best modern approximations to actual medieval practice.

By the operation of the instrument, Beulah would have a life estate, then " Adam's heirs " i. e. Dinahwould have a vested remainder interest.

By the conclusion of the series, the Weasley family is the only known pure-blood family to have several male heirs.