By 1952 Dwight Eisenhower looked to the Founding Fathers of 1776 to say:

By 1776, Saint Kitts had become the richest British colony in the Caribbean, per capita.

By the time the Declaration of Independence was adopted in July 1776, the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain had been at war for more than a year.

By 1776, the position of the British Secretary at War was a sophisticated managerial role, but the duties in 1661 to 1666 of England's first Secretary at War, Sir William Clarke, were more basic ones of literally handling the secretarial duties of managing official correspondence, memoranda, military orders, and financial accounts.

By 1776 Spanish exploration had reached Bucareli Bay including the mouth of the Columbia River between Oregon and Washington, and Sitka Sound.

By 1776 the Lakota had overwhelmed the Cheyenne and taken over much of their territory near the Black Hills.

By late spring of 1776, fewer than 200 colonists remained in Kentucky, primarily at the fortified settlements of Boonesborough, Harrodsburg, and Logan's Station.

By 1776, the Tây Sơn had occupied all of the Nguyễn Lord's land and killed almost the entire royal family.

By 1776, Spanish explorers had arrived and the Franciscan missionaries soon followed leaving numerous large land grants in their wake.

By 1774, his first mill was operational, and in 1776 he began construction of a second mill at Cromford.

By 1776, there were 2200 people living in North Attleborough.

By 1776, Bordentown was full of patriots.

By December 23, 1776, 2, 000 Hessians were moved from Bordentown and positioned at The Mount in Mount Holly, where they engaged in a three day-long artillery, known as the Battle of Iron Works Hill or Battle of Mount Holly, with the Americans on Iron Works Hill.

By the date of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 it is estimated from tax records that about 300 people resided in Springfield.

" By early July, 1776, he was instructed to vote in favor.

By 1776 some 1, 912 parish and corporation workhouses had been established in England and Wales, housing almost 100, 000 paupers.

By June 1776, he had been promoted to Major General and given command of the Canadian Department to replace John Sullivan.

By November 1776, the fort had been taken over by Hessian forces and re-named Fort Prince Charles in honor of Charles, Duke of Brunswick, brother-in-law to George III.

By the time he wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776, Smith had studied the economic models of the French Physiocrats for many years, and in this work the invisible hand is more directly linked to the concept of the market: specifically that it is competition between buyers and sellers that channels the profit motive of individuals on both sides of the transaction such that improved products are produced and at lower costs.

* A Detail of Some Particular Services Performed in America, During the Years 1776, 1777, 1778, and 1779, Compiled from Journals and Original Papers ... taken from the Journal Kept on Board of the Ship ' Rainbow ' Commanded By Sir George Collier ( New York, 1835 )

By the act of parliament which passed for inclosing this parish in 1776, it appears that the Lees were entitled to the great tithes of Southwarp in Stone, and the earl of Chesterfield to those of the remainder of the parish.

By 1776 the old order had been overthrown, as Marylanders signed the Declaration of Independence, forcing the end of British colonial rule.

By the winter of 1776, the Shawnee were effectively divided into a neutral faction led by Cornstalk, and militant bands led by men such as Blue Jacket.

By early 1776, as the Moravian missionary David Zeisberger recorded, Gelelemend had been " designated " as the successor to Netawatwees, who was thought to be close to 100 years old.

By June 19, 1788, he had presented himself to its Commander in Chief, the Governor of the Southern Provinces, the Director of the War College -- The Prince.

By 1865, following the American Civil War, stocks in small industrial companies, such as iron and steel, textiles and chemicals were first sold by curbstone brokers.

By 431 BC Athens ' heavy-handed control of the Delian League would prompt the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War ; the League was dissolved upon the war's conclusion in 404 BC.

By 454, the Delian League could be fairly characterized as an Athenian Empire ; at the start of the Peloponnesian War, only Chios and Lesbos were left to contribute ships, and these states were by now far too weak to secede without support.

By the beginning of World War II, many towns and cities had built space, and there were numerous qualified pilots available.

But By the Way was one of the few features kept continuously running in the often seriously reduced Daily Express throughout World War II, when Morton's lampooning of Hitler, including the British invention of bracerot to make the Nazi's trousers fall down at inopportune moments, was regarded as valuable for morale.

By 1704, the War of the Spanish Succession was in its fourth year.

By World War II, the use of the smaller divisions, platoons and companies, became much more important as precise operations became vital.

By the time World War I began, attempts to use anthrax were directed at animal populations.

By the end of World War 2, Canadians communicated by telephone, more than any other country.

By 1949, the CPC had established control over most of the country ( see Chinese Civil War ).

By the First World War, the Liberal Party had largely abandoned classical liberal principles.

By the end of World War II, Chiang had come to believe that democracy was impossible for China to achieve.

By World War II, control theory was an important part of fire-control systems, guidance systems and electronics.

By 1991 the communist governments of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania, all of which had been imposed after World War II, were brought down as revolution swept Eastern Europe.

By the 1860 census on the verge of the Civil War, 91. 7 percent of the black population, or nearly 20, 000 people, were free.

By the time of the Vietnam War, IDs spelled out the broad religious choices such as PROTESTANT and CATHOLIC, rather than using initials, and also began to show individual denominations such as " METHODIST " or " BAPTIST.

By World War II, only Dwight was still called " Ike ".

By mid-1947, as East-West tensions over economic recovery in Germany and the Greek Civil War escalated, Eisenhower gave up his hopes for cooperation with the Soviets and agreed with a containment policy to stop Soviet expansion.

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists had emigrated to the United States.

By the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, TBDs were " large, swift, and powerfully armed torpedo boats designed to destroy other torpedo boats.

By World War II the threat had evolved once again.

By World War I drum kits were characterized by very large bold marching bass drums and many percussion items suspended on and around them, and they became a central part of jazz music, specifically ( but not limited to ) dixieland.

By the 2005 series, the Daleks and the Time Lords had engaged in a mutually destructive Time War.

By the end of World War II eugenics had been largely abandoned.