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By 1860 the total number of slaves reached almost four million, and the American Civil War, beginning in 1861, led to the end of slavery in the United States.
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By the 1860 census on the verge of the Civil War, 91. 7 percent of the black population, or nearly 20, 000 people, were free.
By 1860 a dozen steamers were operating in the high water season along the Murray and its tributaries.
By 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a very prosperous city.
By 1860, this " new engine " had already established a reputation for juvenile use in vandalism, as well as at least one human death.
By 1860, almost half a million people, roughly 31 % of the total population of Virginia, were enslaved.
By petition of Rockville's citizens, the Maryland General Assembly incorporated the village on March 10, 1860.
By a treaty concluded in 1860 between the Sardinian king and Napoleon III, the County was again ceded to France as a territorial reward for French assistance in the Second Italian War of Independence against Austria, which saw Lombardy unified with Piedmont-Sardinia.
By 1860, the Southern states were providing two-thirds of the world ’ s supply of cotton, and up to 80 % of the crucial British market.
By 1870 the population in the states served by the Oregon Trail and its offshoots increased by about 350, 000 over their 1860 census levels.
By 1860, as many as 10, 000 prospectors had flocked to the town, then known as Mountain City, and surrounding prospects, but most soon left, many returning back east.
By 1860, he was working for wholesale grocers, for whom he handled freight transfers, especially dealing with railroads and steamboats.
By and total
By having three stations, a total of three different cars can be operated on at the same time, each one at a different stage of its assembly.
By 1971, 12 percent of the total area of South Vietnam had been sprayed with defoliating chemicals, at an average concentration of 13 times the recommended USDA application rate for domestic use.
By 1971, 12 percent of the total area of South Vietnam had been sprayed with defoliating chemicals, at an average concentration of 13 times the recommended USDA application rate for domestic use.
By construction, each point on the curve shows productive efficiency in maximizing output for given total inputs.
By the 1920s, the U. S. reached what is still its era of greatest-ever output, producing an average of 800 feature films annually, or 82 % of the global total ( Eyman, 1997 ).
By December 2006, over 1, 237, 000 square kilometers of forest land in Canada ( about half the global total ) had been certified as being sustainably managed ( Canadian Sustainable Forestry Certification Coalition ).
By 1906, the total number of Chinese coolies had swelled to 50, 000, almost entirely recruited and shipped by CEMC.
By late 1943, the tide of the war was turning against the Axis powers, but this only spurred Goebbels to intensify the propaganda by urging the Germans to accept the idea of total war and mobilization.
By saluting them saying " namo namaha ", Jains receive inspiration from them to follow their path to achieve true bliss and total freedom from the karmas binding their souls.
By saluting them saying " namo namaha ", Jains receive inspiration from them to follow their path to achieve true bliss and total freedom from the karmas binding their souls.
By the end of 1942, 3, 237 Katyusha launchers of all types had been built, and by the end of the war total production reached about 10, 000.
By the 1880s the tradition of England-Australia cricket tours was well established, with a total of eight Tests having been played, five of them at the MCG, two at the Sydney Cricket Ground and one at The Oval in London.
By December 1990, a study to estimate the project's cost determined that long-term expenditure would total approximately 450 billion dollars spread over 20 to 30 years.
By combining many functions on one PCB, the physical size and total cost of the system may be reduced ; highly integrated motherboards are thus especially popular in small form factor and budget computers.
By the end of 1975, a total of 137 military regulars and national servicemen and police had been killed that year by left wing terrorism.
By 1925 it was known that protons and electrons had a spin of 1 / 2, and in the Rutherford model of nitrogen-14, 20 of the total 21 nuclear particles should have paired up to cancel each other's spin, and the final odd particle should have left the nucleus with a net spin of 1 / 2.
By these calculations, the portion of total biomass accounted for by humans would be very roughly 0. 6 %.</ ref >
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