By the spring of 1863, he was ready to recruit black troops in more than token numbers.

By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 20 regiments of blacks from the Mississippi Valley.

By December 1863 a proposed constitutional amendment that would outlaw slavery absolutely was brought to Congress for passage.

By this work his reputation became firmly established, and he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1863.

By 1863, 22 lecture courses were held in Czech, the remainder ( out of 187 ) in German.

By 1862, the war was over and Vietnam conceded three provinces in the south, called by the French Cochin-China, opened three ports to French trade, allowed free passage of French warships to Cambodia ( which led to a French protectorate over Cambodia in 1863 ), allowed freedom of action for French missionaries and gave France a large indemnity for the cost of the war.

By 1863, numerous former slaves were living on the fringe of the Union camp.

By the time British settlers arrived after 1863, most of these villages had been abandoned as the inhabitants were away fighting with the Kingitanga rebels further west in the battlefields of the upper Waipa river.

By 1863 they were selling the U. S. government " 520 bonds ".

By some definitions, the first supervillain was John Devil, a proto-Fantômas, created by Paul Féval, père in his eponymous 1860 novel, or Féval's nearly-immortal, machiavellian Colonel Bozzo-Corona, leader of Les Habits Noirs introduced in 1863.

By the early summer of 1863, the town had 300 buildings and a population of 5, 000.

By the time Vicksburg fell to the Union in 1863, most planters in the Lake Providence area had fled, leaving behind their vacant estates.

By 1863, Hazelton had 400 residents supported by an agricultural economy, with a post office, general store and three churches.

By 1863 Valley Falls had established itself as a mini-industrial center.

By April 1863, all traffic had ceased, and Stamford Corporation tried to sell the line at auction, but failed because their ownership of it was disputed.

By Chapter 52 of the Statutes of 1863 the Township of Chester in the County of Lunenburg was made a separate district for certain specified purposes.

By the winter of 1862 – 1863 there were 7, 000 unemployed operatives in the town.

By 1863 there were 750 empty houses in the town.

By 1863 a committee had been formed, and with aid from central government, land was purchased with the intention of employing local cotton workers to construct Alexandra Park, which opened on 28 August 1865.

By early 1863, Frank, ignoring his parole and oath of allegiance, had joined the guerrilla band of Fernando Scott, a former saddler.

By 1862 the war was over and Vietnam conceded three provinces in the south, called by the French Cochinchina, opened three ports to French trade, allowed free passage of French warships to Kampuchea ( which led to a French protectorate over Kampuchea in 1863 ), allowed freedom of action for French missionaries and gave France a large indemnity for the cost of the war.

By war's end, the Union had set up 100 contraband camps in the South, and the Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony ( 1863 – 1867 ) was developed to be a self-sustaining colony.

By early 1863 Rhett has established himself as a friend of both women and a frequent visitor to their house.

By reducing tolls, the Aire and Calder managed to increase traffic from 179, 295 tons in 1855 to 291, 313 tons in 1863, but traffic gradually reduced after that, as railway links to the coalfields were built.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By far the largest regional market was the Middle East, to which Brazil sold approximately 50 % of its arms from 1977 through 1988.

By the early 18th century, this initial portrayal was rejected by the Dominicans and Franciscans, creating a dispute among Catholics in East Asia that was known as the " Rites Controversy ".

By comparison, the former colony of the United Province of Canada ( divided into the District of Canada East, and the District of Canada West ) and the western provinces were dozens of times larger and in some cases were expanded to take in territory formerly held in British Crown grants to companies such as the Hudson's Bay Company ; in particular the November 19, 1869 sale of Rupert's Land to the Government of Canada under the Rupert's Land Act 1868 was facilitated in part by Maritime taxpayers.

By 1611, shareholders in the East India Company were earning an almost 150 % return on their investment.

By 1991 the communist governments of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania, all of which had been imposed after World War II, were brought down as revolution swept Eastern Europe.

By 1692, Elihu Yale's repeated flouting of East India Company regulations and growing embarrassment at his illegal profiteering resulted in his being relieved of the post of governor.

By the mid-1960s, the East Pakistan was accounting for less than 60 % of the nation's export earnings, and by the time of Bangladesh's independence in 1971, this percentage had dipped below 50 %.

By the mid-1960s, West Pakistan was benefiting from Ayub's " Decade of Progress ," with its successful " green revolution " in wheat, and from the expansion of markets for West Pakistani textiles, while the East Pakistan's standard of living remained at an abysmally low level.

By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East.

By this theory, the name of the Geordie lamp attached to the North East pit men themselves.

By 1866 any native of the North East could be called a Geordie.

By 2006, only two elderly Cubans still crossed the base's North East Gate daily to work on the base, because the Cuban government prohibits new recruitment.

By contrast, East Germany renounced ties to the Nazi past, styling itself the " anti-fascist rampart " and proclaiming itself the first socialist state on German soil.

By late 1944, the United States, Canada, France, and Great Britain were closing in on Germany in the West, while the Soviets were closing from the East.

By 1963, Holden was exporting cars to Africa, the Middle East, South-East Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Caribbean.

By the 1850s, the East India Company controlled most of the Indian sub-continent, which included present-day Pakistan and Bangladesh.

By November 1944, they had thrown out the Germans, being with Yugoslavia the only East European nations to do so without any assistance from the Soviet Army.

By the 6th century the majority of the modern county was part of the East Saxon kingdom.

By the 16th century, the Dutch East India Company established a replenishing station at Table Bay for restocking water and purchasing meat from the Khoikhoi.

By the Middle Bronze Age, increasing numbers of smelted iron objects ( distinguishable from meteoric iron by the lack of nickel in the product ) appeared in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and South Asia.

By the 7th century the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the East, under the name of the Conception ( active ) of Saint Anne.

By 1669, the Dutch East India Company was the richest private company in history, with a huge fleet of merchant ships and warships, tens of thousands of employees, a private army consisting of thousands of soldiers, and a reputation on the part of its stockholders for high dividend payments.

) By 1818 the East India Company was master of all of India.