By 1871 L. C. Orvis, manager of the `` Western Union Telegraph Company '', expressed willingness to send emergency telegrams on Sundays from his Village drugstore.

By the second half of the 19th century, Berlin had been growing at a tremendous rate for some time, but its growth accelerated even faster after the city became the capital of the new German Empire on 18 January 1871.

By 1871 he had met and befriended most of the major Pre-Raphaelite painters and it was in part due to their influence that the artist brightened his palette, varied his hues, and lightened his brushwork.

By way of example, and following Germany's decision after the Franco-Prussian War ( 1870 – 1871 ) to extract reparations to facilitate a move to the gold standard, Japan gained the needed reserves after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 – 1895.

By 1857 the telegraph had reached Bergen ( west coast ) via Sørlandet ( south coast ) and by 1871 it had reached Kirkenes ( north coast ).

By this A. G. „ Weser ” started it ´ s career as an important constructor of war ships for the Imperial German Navy ( 1871 – 1918 ) first and the Kriegsmarine in the Third Reich ( 1933 – 1945 ) later.

By 1871, Whistler returned to portraits and soon produced his most famous painting, the nearly monochromatic full-length figure entitled Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1, but usually, and incorrectly, referred to as Whistler's Mother.

By 1871, around 60 people lived in Guajoco, mostly of Mexican descent.

By April 1871 the mule trail and post were both completed and General Stoneman planned on making Camp Pinal his headquarters, but the project was abandoned after General George Crook replaced General Stoneman because of the Camp Grant Massacre of April 1871.

By October 1871 the line was completed from Mattawamkeag to Vanceboro where it connected through to Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.

By 1871, Maple Plain had a post office.

By 1871, postal service was established in the area, although the Post Office was accidentally called " Paul's Valley, Arkansas " as the Indian Territory was being administered out of Arkansas.

By June 1871, the railroad reached the point where the present town now lies.

By 1871 the town had grown to include two blacksmith shops, one church, one school, one hotel, one wagon shop, and two general stores.

By 1870, J. C. Fuller operated the mine, and in 1871, the Northern Coal & Iron Co., a subsidiary of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co., assumed operation of the mine.

By 1871 he had devised a method of using dry plates and substituting nitro-cellulose plastic for glass plates, thus initiating the age of convenience in photography.

* By highlighting certain continuities in German foreign policy between 1871 and 1939, he helped to place Nazi foreign policy in a wider perspective, though the degree of continuity is still subject to considerable debate.

By 1871, numerous mining camps sprang up in the valley and resident John C. Cox filed a plan for a city on the east side of the valley.

By 1858 he was aware of his Brooke connection and by 1871 he is on the census at the parish of Plumtree, Nottinghamshire as " George Brooke ", age " 40 ", birthplace " Sarawak, Borneo ".

By the treaty under which Baden had become an integral part of the German Empire in 1871, he had reserved only the exclusive right to tax beer and spirits ; the army, the post-office, railways and the conduct of foreign relations passed under the effective control of Prussia.

By 1871, the entire area was producing a day.

By means of a water-filled telescope, Airy in 1871 looked for a change in stellar aberration through the refracting water due to an ether drag.

By the end of 1871, a large population had already gathered on the diamond fields, and immigration increased dramatically, which brought in many newcomers.

By both standards Thomas had the right to be proud.

By this time Churchill was not so cordial toward moving Poland westward as he had been at Teheran, where he and Eden had both heartily approved the idea.

By and large their programs are satisfactorily connected both to the employment situation and to the realities of the apprentice system.

By seeing such varied places, both interesting and beautiful, you will become aware of the many different civilizations Rome has lived through, and in particular, get a feel of Renaissance Rome.

By trying to be both a serious survey of a bygone era and a showcase for today's artists, the program turned out to be a not-quite-perfect example of either.

By this consideration atomic physics provides the underlying theory in plasma physics and atmospheric physics, even though both deal with very large numbers of atoms.

By contrast, the Rijndael specification per se is specified with block and key sizes that may be any multiple of 32 bits, both with a minimum of 128 and a maximum of 256 bits.

The largest species are red alder ( A. rubra ) on the west coast of North America, and black alder ( A. glutinosa ), native to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 m. By contrast, the widespread Alnus viridis ( green alder ) is rarely more than a 5 m tall shrub.

By Endeïs Aeacus had two sons, Telamon and Peleus ( father of Achilles ), and by Psamathe a son, Phocus, whom he preferred to the two others, both of whom contrived to kill Phocus during a contest, and then fled from their native island.

By the mid-1960s, both systems showed enough promise to start development of base selection for a limited ABM system dubbed Sentinel.

By October he had taken a prospective hijacker Mushabib al-Hamlan from Afghanistan to Saudi Arabia where they both procured B-1 / B-2 tourist / business visas on October 28 – but Hamlan then decided not to proceed and is thought to have returned to his family.

By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing became widely popular.

By both chance and providence, Ruth, a destitute, widowed and childless outsider, becomes an ancestress of King David ( Ruth 4: 13 ).

By managing the European and African populations as one-by strategic exports from Europe combined with in-situ transfers, gene-loss is reduced to 0. 72 % every 100 years with both populations remaining stable.

By 16: 00, Alexander and Swiftsure were also in sight, although some distance from the main British fleet, and Brueys gave orders to abandon the plan to remain at anchor and instead for his line to set sails, although Blanquet protested the order on the grounds that there were not enough men aboard the French ships to both sail the ships and man the guns.

By 1910 both factions together had fewer than 100, 000 members.

By late February 1896, supplies on both sides were running low.

By 1938 the couple had drifted apart, as both focussed heavily on their work.

* By whether the same key is used for both encryption and decryption ( symmetric key algorithms ), or if a different key is used for each ( asymmetric key algorithms ).

By adopting a moderately liberal constitution in 1828, Pinto alienated both the federalists and the liberal factions.

By the early twentieth century, both parties were winning increasing numbers of seats in Congress.

By choosing widely separated keys, one could employ one dimple as a ' shift ' key to allow both letters and numbers to be produced.

By estimating both the clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are known to occur an assignment of the material source can be made.