By 1933, the party had approximately 3. 5 million members but as a result of the Great Purge party membership was cut down to 1. 9 million by 1939.

By 1939 her marriage to Pollock was in difficulties, and she began a series of affairs.

By 1939 the population had grown to over 120, 000.

By the outbreak of World War II in autumn 1939, there were six camps housing some 27, 000 inmates.

By 1939 a breed standard had been established and dog shows had been held, but such activities stopped after World War II began.

By 1939, Italy had the highest percentage of state-owned enterprises after the Soviet Union.

By 1939 the Luftwaffe was not much better prepared than its enemies to conduct a strategic bombing campaign, with fatal results during the Battle of Britain.

By the summer of 1939, the Luftwaffe had nine Jagdgeschwader ( fighter wings ) mostly equipped with Messerschmitt Bf 109, four ' Zerstörergeschwader ( destroyer wings ) equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 110 heavy fighter, 11 Kampfgeschwader ( bomber wings ) equipped with mainly the Heinkel He 111 and the Dornier Do 17Z, and four Sturzkampfgeschwader ( dive bomber wings ).

By 1939, with the exception of Stalin himself, none of the original Bolsheviks of the October Revolution of 1917 remained in the Party.

By early November 1939, Adolf Hitler had decided on forcing a decision in the West by invading Belgium, the Netherlands and France.

By the time production ceased in 1939, several thousand " frying pans " had been produced.

By the time the war began, the number of members rose to 250, 000, and the Waffen-SS was formed in August 1940, expanding the earlier armed SS troops who had fought in Poland and France in 1939 – 40, to serve alongside the Wehrmacht, Germany's regular armed forces.

By 1939 he had improved his theatre projection system to televise a boxing match on a screen by.

By 1939, the idiom was " that a half-dozen monkeys provided with typewriters would, in a few eternities, produce all the books in the British Museum.

By 1939 military expenditures by Britain and France far exceeded what Italy could afford.

By 1939, it took no more than a month by ship to travel from Marseille to Saigon and around five days by airplane from Paris to Saigon.

By 1939, industrial production had exceeded agricultural production in Taiwan.

By 1939 the station's short platforms had become unsuitable for the longer trains that had come to be used for mainline services.

By 1939, Franco owed these and other companies more than $ 100, 000, 000.

By 23 January 1939 the British government received information to the effect that Germany intended to invade the Netherlands in February 1939 with the aim of using Dutch air-fields to launch strategic bombing offensive intended to achieve a " knock-out " blow against Britain by razing British cities to the ground.

By 1939, 95 % of the coastal Chukchis were collectivized, but only 11 % of the reindeer nomads.

By 1939, at the beginning of World War II, he had finished 66.

By next spring I shall probably be ... quite alone "; and in Ninotchka ( 1939 ) emissaries from Russia ask her, " Do you want to be alone, comrade "?

By 2012, Smyrna will be a manufacturing site for Nissan's electric car, the Nissan Leaf.

( By contrast, the Japanese Bluebird SSS could be had with Nissan's SR20DET engine and all-wheel-drive.

By World War II, the use of the smaller divisions, platoons and companies, became much more important as precise operations became vital.

By the summer of 1944 the reversal of fortune was complete and Operation Bagration saw Soviet forces inflict crushing defeats on Germany through the aggressive use of armour, infantry and air power in combined strategic assault, known as deep operations.

By the early 1920s, unit operations became an important aspect of chemical engineering at MIT and other US universities, as well as at Imperial College London.

By the 1940s, it became clear that unit operations alone was insufficient in developing chemical reactors.

By 1994, only its operations in Germany and the United Kingdom were still profitable.

By 1951, 87 subroutines in the following categories were available for general use: floating point arithmetic ; arithmetic operations on complex numbers ; checking ; division ; exponentiation ; routines relating to functions ; differential equations ; special functions ; power series ; logarithms ; miscellaneous ; print and layout ; quadrature ; read ( input ); nth root ; trigonometric functions ; counting operations ( simulating repeat until loops, while loops and for loops ); vectors ; and matrices.

* By the convolution theorem, Fourier transforms turn the complicated convolution operation into simple multiplication, which means that they provide an efficient way to compute convolution-based operations such as polynomial multiplication and multiplying large numbers.

By 1985 the privatised British Telecom had inherited the telephone operations of the GPO, including those on the Isle of Man.

By 1980 the firm had operations in southern Africa, Australia, China, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, as well as the United States, and employed 37, 000 people.

By January 1970, Zambia had acquired majority holding in the Zambian operations of the two major foreign mining interests, the Anglo American Corporation and the Rhodesia Selection Trust ( RST ); the two became the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines ( NCCM ) and Roan Consolidated Mines ( RCM ), respectively.

By using discrete unit-volume droplets, a microfluidic function can be reduced to a set of repeated basic operations, i. e., moving one unit of fluid over one unit of

By then, Chinese-made high-performance computers will be expected to achieve two major breakthroughs: first, the adoption of domestic-made central processing units ( CPUs ); second, the existing cluster-based system structure of high-performance computers will be changed once the computing speed reaches one quadrillion operations per second.

By 1208, the Germans were strong enough to begin operations against the Estonians, who were at that time divided into eight major and several smaller counties led by elders with limited co-operation between them.

By using this arrangement, many common operations can be implemented by uniformly applying the same operation to each pixel independently.

By early 1907 major drilling operations began, roads and other infrastructure were built.

By the summer of 2000, the European theater of operations had been fought to a near stalemate.

By the end of the decade, two thirds of UNCHR's budget was focused on operations in Africa and in just one decade, the organization's focus had shifted from an almost exclusive focus on Europe.

By January 1970, Zambia had acquired majority holding in the Zambian operations of the two major foreign mining corporations, the Anglo American Corporation and the Rhodesia Selection Trust ( RST ); the two became the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines ( NCCM ) and Roan Consolidated Mines ( RCM ), respectively.

By the end of the operation, 3 million tons of bombs are dropped on Laos, slowing but not seriously disrupting trail operations.

By 2007, the integration of Alderwoods's locations and operations was complete.

By 1988, the U. S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) issued Instruction 4630. 8 ( reissued in 1992, 2002, 2004 ) stating its policy that “ all forces for joint and combined operations be supported through compatible, interoperable, and integrated Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence systems.

By 1625, van Dyk was recognized by the Dutch West India Company as the private " Patron " of Tortola, and had moved his operations to Road Town.

By mid-July, the Washington Post reported that Perot's campaign managers were becoming increasingly disillusioned by his unwillingness to follow their advice to be more specific on issues, and his need to be in full control of operations with such tactics as forcing volunteers to sign loyalty oaths.