By September 1940 the Suite had developed into a collection of six songs, `` four spirituals, a dream, and a lullaby ''.

By 1940 the Third Reich had occupied many of the Alpine countries.

By the end of 1940 all of the Indian cavalry had been mechanised, receiving light tanks, armoured cars or 15cwt trucks.

By 1940 the CCC was no longer wholly a relief agency, rapidly losing its non-military character, and becoming a system for work-training as its ranks had become increasingly younger, with life-inexperienced enrollees.

By the late 1930s and the 1940s, Italian Fascism completely denounced capitalism as an obsolete and oppressive system, Mussolini in 1940 at the entry of Italy into World War II, said:

By the summer of 1940 Belgium had fallen to Germany along with most of Western Continental Europe.

By 1940, the institute had outgrown itself as more than just a small institute and was virtually functioning as an independent university.

By 1970, the city had a total area of approximately, more than five times its size in 1940.

By the end of 1940 the Luftwaffe had suffered heavy losses and needed to regroup.

By August 1940, the War Office produced training instructions for the creation and use of Molotov cocktails.

By 1940, the Navy had ordered seven more aircraft carriers and four cruisers.

By autumn 1940, after conquering its portion of Poland, the Third Reich shared an extensive border with USSR, with whom it remained neutrally bound by their non-aggression pact and trade agreements.

By late 1940, German armies had swept through most of Western Europe.

By the time the war began, the number of members rose to 250, 000, and the Waffen-SS was formed in August 1940, expanding the earlier armed SS troops who had fought in Poland and France in 1939 – 40, to serve alongside the Wehrmacht, Germany's regular armed forces.

By 1940, the Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi ( Jowhar ) had a population of 12, 000 people, of whom nearly 3, 000 were Italian Somalians, and enjoyed a notable level of development with a small manufacturing area with agricultural industries ( sugar mills, etc.

By 1940 Schipol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles, all 1020 meters or less.

By February 1945, 73 % of children received milk in school, compared with 50 % in July 1940.

By 1945, roughly 33 % of all children ate at school compared with one in thirty in 1940, while those taking milk increased from about 50 % to roughly 75 %.

By 1940 Germany had threatened to break of diplomatic relations with Uruguay.

By 1940 multisection tubes had become commonplace.

Other estimates of Austro-Hungarian casualties are as follows: By Austrian Ministry of Defense in 1938: Military dead 1, 016, 200 By UK War Office in 1922: Dead 1, 200, 00 By US War Dept in 1924: 1, 200, 00 killed and died A study published by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in 1940 estimated civilian 467, 000 deaths " attributable to war ", the primary cause being famine.

By 1940, only 3200 farmers had arrived to Ethiopia, less than ten percent of the Fascist regime's goal.

By 1938, however, the oppression had become so extensive that it was damaging the infrastructure, economy and even the armed forces of the Soviet state, prompting Stalin to wind the purge down.

By the end of August, relations improved again as the countries had redrawn the Hungarian and Romanian borders, settled some Bulgarian claims and Stalin was again convinced that Germany would face a long war in the west with Britain's improvement in its air battle with Germany and the execution of an agreement between the United States and Britain regarding destroyers and bases.

By 1939, with the exception of Stalin himself, none of the original Bolsheviks of the October Revolution of 1917 remained in the Party.

By the time the Congress finally convened in December 1927 Zinoviev had capitulated to Stalin and denounced his previous adherence to the opposition as " anti-Leninist " and the few remaining members still loyal to the opposition were subjected to insults and humiliations.

By that time Mao had witnessed Nikita Khrushchev denouncing Joseph Stalin and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, events by which he felt threatened.

By conforming to Soviet policy, Mao also appeased Stalin and avoided his further interference.

By 30 July the Germans were at Kirovograd, 130 km east of Uman, cutting off the Soviet line of retreat ( which had in any case been forbidden by Stalin ).

By the beginning of, Larin had won the approval of Joseph Stalin, prompting all newspapers to praise the idea.

" The achievements of that organization are monumental ," writes Buchanan, " By keeping America out of World War II until Hitler attacked Stalin in June 1941, Soviet Russia, not America, bore the brunt of the fighting, bleeding and dying to defeat Nazi Germany.

By using folklore rhetoric, Stalin and Soviet propagandists connected aviation achievements to Russian heritage, making aviation seem more accessible to the Soviet population.

By 1927, Karl Kilbom, the Comintern representative to Germany, had started to combat this ultra leftist tendency of Thälmann within the German Communist Party, but found it to be impossible when he found Stalin was against him.

By this time, concerns about a future conflict faded with the death of Joseph Stalin and the end of the Korean War.

By 1938, the mass purges were starting to disrupt the country's infrastructure, and Stalin began winding them down.

By the early 1930s, Elista was transformed into a small city as the collectivization policies of Joseph Stalin forced many Kalmyks to abandon their traditional pastoral nomadic lifestyle in exchange for a modern, sedentary, and urban lifestyle.

By charging him with the extra job, Stalin killed two birds with one stone: Yezhov could correct the water transportation situation with tough Chekist methods, and his transfer to the terra incognita of economic tasks would leave him less time for the NKVD and weaken his position there, thus creating the possibility that in due course he could be removed from the leadership of the punitive apparatus and replaced by fresh people.

By the late 1920s, when Land of the Soviets was written, the Soviet Union's first leader, Vladimir Lenin, had died and been replaced in this role by the former revolutionary, Joseph Stalin.

By power Trotsky argued Lenin meant administrative power rather than political influence within the Party and pointed out that Lenin had effectively accused Stalin of a lack of loyalty.

By suppressing cybernetics, Stalin was arguably responsible for its dramatic growth after his death.

By 10 am, however, on the instructions of Stalin, Red Guards and revolutionary soldiers pressed back the armoured cars and placed a reinforced guard over the printing plant and the Rabochy Put editorial offices.

By the late 1930s, Stalin faithful engineers like Leonid Brezhnev, Alexei Kosygin and Nikita Khrushchev grew in influence, due to Stalin eliminating many earlier Bolshevik engineers.

By 9 September Stalin had finally given authority for the 5th Army to withdraw but by then it was trapped, and on 20 September Potapov and his command group were taken prisoner.