By spring 1941, following Himmler's orders, ten concentration camps had been constructed in which inmates were subjected to forced labour.

By the end of 1941, the Soviet military had suffered 4. 3 million casualties and German forces had advanced 1, 050 miles ( 1, 690 kilometers ).

By December 1941, Hitler's troops had advanced to within 20 miles of the Kremlin in Moscow.

By the end of 1943, the Soviets occupied half of the territory taken by the Germans from 1941 – 1942.

By 1941, Germany had given up hope of evicting the Allies from the island and the constant air raids stopped.

By 1857 he had accumulated over 800 pages of notes and short essays on capital, landed property, wage labour, the state, and foreign trade and the world market ; this work did not appear in print until 1941, under the title Grundrisse.

By September 1941, Philby was working for Section V of MI6, responsible for offensive counter-intelligence.

By early 1941, Fuchs had returned temporarily to Edinburgh.

By the winter of 1941 – 1942 just 39 percent of the fighter force was operational and possessed just 60 more combat aircraft than it did in June 1941 despite its increased commitments.

By early 1941, portable centimetric airborne radars were being tested in American and British aircraft.

By the third week in February 1941, 680, 000 German troops were stationed on the Romanian-Soviet border.

By 1941, the official newspaper, El País, had adopted an overtly pro-German stance.

By 22 June 1941 there were only 1, 475 T-34s and KV series tanks available to the Red Army, and these were too dispersed along the front to provide enough mass for even local success.

By 1941, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister King made an executive agreement to build the joint hydro and navigation works, but this too failed to receive the assent of Congress.

By 1918 it became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, and remained so until 1941, apart from a brief period of six months in 1920 when Skopje was controlled by the Yugoslav Communist Party.

By the end of 1941, Roosevelt had appointed seven justices and elevated Harlan Fiske Stone to Chief Justice.

By late 1941, the Army Research Center at Peenemünde possessed the technologies essential to the success of the A-4.

By November 1941, it was becoming known in the upper reaches of the Nazi leadership and government offices that Hitler intended all the Jews of Europe to be deported to the eastern territories and executed by whatever means.

* Robert A. Heinlein's By His Bootstraps ( 1941 ) features a plot in which a man interacts with different older versions of himself that travel by way of a " Time Gate ", with all the interactions revisited later in the story from the perspective of the now-older man, everything being tied together in a completely self-consistent way.

By the end of 1941, Germany occupied a large part of Europe and its military forces were fighting the Soviet Union, nearly capturing Moscow.

By 1941 the Italians had suffered defeats in Greece and against the British in Egypt.

By 1941 he was earning a good wage, enough to pay for music lessons with Alberto Ginastera, an eminent Argentine composer of classical music.

By 1941, the SD had been organized into the following sections:

By 1941, a rail tunnel was constructed as well.

By contrast, the energetic reaction of the leader to the full demands his decision imposes upon him strengthens the moral intuition and gives us the measure of the man.

By inserting the energetic definitions of the ionization potential and electron affinity into the Mulliken electronegativity, it is possible to show that the Mulliken chemical potential is a finite difference approximation of the electronic energy with respect to the number of electrons., i. e.,

By the end of the 19th century, contradanza had grown lively and energetic, unlike its European counterpart, and was then known as danzón.

By this time the emperor Justinian I was taking energetic measures to check the Goths.

By inserting the energetic definitions of the ionization potential and electron affinity into the Mulliken electronegativity, it is possible to show that the Mulliken chemical potential is a finite difference approximation of the electronic energy with respect to the number of electrons., i. e.,

By mid-century, the PSA was a confident, energetic organisation.

By his quick and energetic reactions, he gained support from the intellectuals and in 1972, he succeeded İsmet İnönü as the leader of the party.

By November 1945 after the departure of the American troops following D-Day, English couples were being warned not to continue doing energetic " rude American dancing.

By the mid-1940s, the series had developed a quicker, more energetic ( and violent ) tone, due to the inspiration from the work of their colleague in the MGM cartoon studio, Tex Avery, who joined the studio in 1942.

By his energetic example, his enthusiastic exposition, and his overall generosity, he has made striking changes in mathematics and has inspired generations of younger mathematicians.

By 1980 she had relocated her home and studio to New York and embarked on an energetic creative period in which she produced paintings, drawings, and collages.

By the time of the German invasion an upgraded Compound had been prepared by Grégoire, an energetic exponent of front wheel drive and of the use of aluminium in automobile construction, and a man whose designs found their way into the ranges of several automakers in the 1930s and 1940s.

By following the natural method of synthesized physical, energetic and moral development, he wrote, women could develop self-confidence, will-power and athletic ability just as well as their male counterparts.

By instant and energetic action a rejection of the venomous amendment was secured.

By energetic work he succeeded, in 1891, in reaching an agreement with large owners in the Emek Jezreel and the Plain of Acco for the purchase of 160, 000 dunams km² at 15 francs per dunam franc / km² .... Before the consummation of the agreement, however the Turkish Government, alarmed by the increasing inflow of Russian Jews, prohibited Jewish immigration entirely.

' By making choices based on criteria, overt and energetic, Moreno hoped that individuals would be more spontaneous, and organisations and groups structures would become fresh, clear and lively '.

By this time Thomas Holt had left teaching and moved into theatrical and artist management in partnership with the noted entrepreneur Hugh D. McIntosh, owner of the Tivoli theatre circuit.

By the assumptions of increasing marginal costs, exogenous inputs ' prices, and control concentrated on a single agent or entrepreneur, the optimal decision is to equate the marginal cost and marginal revenue of production.

By this time, Berlusconi was a well-known entrepreneur, and his wedding was a notable social event.

By 1980 the decision to replace was once again imminent however the form of Alan Jones in Formula One saw entrepreneur Bob Jane seize an opportunity to bring Formula One back as the Grand Prix Formula.

By the end of 1982, any perception that " greenies " equated with hippies had been greatly challenged, for example in Sydney, Brown and Bellamy addressed 500 people at a candle-lit dinner serenaded by string quartet, ABC's classical music radio station featured a Concert for the Franklin, and electronics entrepreneur Dick Smith committed to civil disobedience.

By September 2004, the Tribunal had sat on 286 days but sittings were suspended pending a High Court hearing in which mobile phone entrepreneur Denis O ' Brien tried unsuccessfully to prevent the tribunal from investigating Michael Lowry's involvement in his purchase of Doncaster Rovers F. C ..

By 1977 Miller and entrepreneur Gary Giorgi established Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab as a record company originally based in the suburb of Veradale, Washington, near Spokane.

By 1983, however, the computer game publishing arena had become too complex for Budge's taste, who did not really want to be an entrepreneur.

By the year 2000, at the age of 19, she had already held positions in software companies, and worked in California's Silicon Valley as an entrepreneur.

By then Dwarkanath had had enough of Government service and resigned in June 1834 to launch into his spectacular career as a full-time entrepreneur.

He won the Virginia state computer science fair for developing a Web crawler, and was recruited by the C. I. A .. By his senior year of high school, Parker was earning more than $ 80, 000 a year through various projects, enough to convince his parents to allow him to skip college and pursue a career as an entrepreneur.

By the early 1900s, the potatoes were a Central New York favorite and a local entrepreneur, John Hinerwadel, started serving them as a side " at his famous clambakes.