By February 1948, because of massive post-war military cuts, the entire United States army had been reduced to 552, 000 men.

By 1948, after design modifications and experimentation with several prototypes, Morrison and business partner Warren Franscioni began producing the first plastic discs, renamin it the Flyin-Saucer in the wake of reported unidentified-flying-object sightings.

By the end of July 1948 Orwell was able to return to Jura and by December he had finished the manuscript of Nineteen Eighty-Four.

Eric D. Weitz wrote, " By 1948, according to Nicolas Werth, the mortality rate of the 600, 000 people deported from the Caucasus between 1943 and 1944 had reached 25 %.

By the summer of 1947, however, the KSČ's popularity had significantly dwindled, and most observers believed Gottwald would be turned out of office at the elections due for May 1948.

) By the late 1940s, head coach Earle " Greasy " Neale and running back Steve Van Buren led the team to three consecutive NFL Championship Games, winning two of them in 1948 and 1949.

By 1948, the restoration appeared aged and it was decided to restore the vase again, but the restorer was only successful in replacing three fragments.

By witnessing currents flowing through point-contacts, similar to what Bardeen and Brattain had accomplished earlier in December 1947, Mataré by June 1948, was able to produce consistent results by using samples of germanium produced by Welker.

By April 1948, the coup group brought back Field Marshal Luang Phibulsongkram, the wartime Prime Minister, to prime ministership once again.

By 1948, Olivier was on the Board of Directors for the Old Vic Theatre ; and he and Leigh embarked on a six-month tour of Australia and New Zealand to raise funds for it.

By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure.

By 1948, the house was declared to be in imminent danger of collapse, forcing President Truman to commission a reconstruction and move across the street to Blair House from 1949 to 1951.

* The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By Raft Across the South Seas ( Kon-Tiki ekspedisjonen, also known as Kon-Tiki: Across the Pacific in a Raft ), 1948

By the latter part of the decade, Barcelona began to emerge as a force when they were crowned champions in 1945, 1948 and 1949.

By late 1948 part of the Egyptian forces from Bethlehem to Hebron had been cut off from their lines of supply and Glubb Pasha sent 350 Arab Legionnaires and an armoured car unit to Hebron to reinforce them there.

By 1948, the Cold War was clearly in progress and the US began to worry more about a threat from the Eastern Bloc rather than the latent Nazism within occupied Germany.

By August 1948, his brigade was surrounded by the Israeli Army and appeals for help from Jordan's Arab Legion went unheeded.

By late 1948 the CPC eventually captured the northern cities of Shenyang and Changchun and seized control of the Northeast after struggling through numerous set-backs while trying to take the cities, with the decisive Liaoshen Campaign.

By April 1948 the city of Luoyang fell, cutting the KMT army off from Xi ' an.

By 17 April 1948 the situation in Palestine had deteriorated further and the Security Council adopted Resolution 46 ( 1948 ), calling upon all persons and organizations in Palestine to immediately cease all military activities, as well as acts of violence, terrorism and sabotage ; to refrain from any actions endangering the safety of the Holy Places in Palestine and refrain from importing or acquiring or assisting or encouraging the importation or acquisition of weapons and war materials ( arms embargo ).

By late March 1948, the vital road that connected Tel Aviv to western Jerusalem, where about 16 % of all Jews in the Mandatory Palestine lived, was cut off and under siege.

By July 1948 negotiations were in deadlock and the Netherlands pushed unilaterally towards Van Mook ’ s federal Indonesia concept.

* By Firelight ( 1948 ) ( US title: By This Strange Fire )

By 1671 Fox had recovered and Margaret had been released by order of the King.

By the influence of William Russell, earl of Bedford, he was appointed one of the king's itinerant preachers in Lancashire, and after living for a time in Garstang, he was selected by the Lady Margaret Hoghton as vicar of Preston.

By the end of 1070, Malcolm had married Edgar's sister Margaret of Wessex, the future Saint Margaret of Scotland.

By 1383, he had returned to Wales, where he married David Hanmer's daughter, Margaret, started his large family and established himself as the Squire of Sycharth and Glyndyfrdwy, with all the responsibilities that entailed.

By Elizabeth he had four children: David II, John ( died in childhood ), Matilda ( who married Thomas Isaac and died at Aberdeen 20 July 1353 ), and Margaret ( who married William de Moravia, 5th Earl of Sutherland in 1345 ).

By the early 1980s there was no clear neoconservative in the Tory leadership cadre, but Brian Mulroney, who became leader in 1983, eventually came to adopt many policies from the Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan governments.

By 1927, Charles Mintz had married Margaret Winkler and assumed control of her business.

By 1953, Townsend was divorced from his first wife ; he proposed marriage to Margaret.

By the Treaty of Birgham, it was agreed that Margaret should marry King Edward's then one-year-old son Edward of Carnarvon, though Scotland would remain free of English overlordship.

By Margaret, Edward had two sons, both of whom lived into adulthood, and a daughter who died as a child.

By the time Margaret, her son and daughter-in-law were ready to follow Warwick back to England, the tables had again turned in favour of the Yorkists, and the Earl was defeated and killed by the returning King Edward IV in the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471.

Margaret typically headed her letters with the words " By the Quene ".

By this treaty James married Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor.

By 1923, he had entirely abandoned architecture and design and moved to the south of France with Margaret where he concentrated on watercolour painting.

By 1854, Margaret had spent 14 years trying to convert Sam to the Baptist denomination.

By the second issue, the Dennis and Mr. Wilson series was re-christened Dennis the Menace and His Friends which now involved Dennis, Mr. Wilson and friends, Joey, Margaret and dog, Ruff.

By his marriage to Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, he also became Count Philip II of Flanders, Count Philip IV of Artois and Count-Palatine Philip IV of Burgundy.

By the terms of the settlement, Margaret would bring the castles of the Norman Vexin to her new husband.

By the terms of the marriage contract, Margaret retained her rights to the English throne, and her dowry was promised to Burgundy even if she died within the first year ( often, the dowry would return to the bride's family under such circumstances ).

By April, Edward was back in England: Margaret followed events carefully, requesting meticulous details of events in England, and was pleased to note the reconciliation between Clarence and Edward.

By this time, Isabel's health was beginning to fail ; in June 1471, she drew up her will, in which she bequeathed her favourite residence of La-Motte-au-Bois to Margaret.

By this time, Margaret had already suffered more personal tragedies.

By 1890 the family had settled in Glasgow and Margaret and her sister, Frances MacDonald, enrolled as students at the Glasgow School of Art.

By 1913, Margaret Carmichael had leased the business back to the Reillys.