By 1970, LAFTA expanded to include four more Latin American nations: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

By 1974, another challenge to the state's authority and legitimacy had come from 19 April Movement ( M-19 ), a mostly urban guerrilla group founded allegedly in response to an electoral fraud during the final National Front election of Misael Pastrana ( 1970 – 1974 ) and the defeat of former dictator Gustavo Rojas.

By 1970, they had tentatively identified more than 50.

By 1970, a calculator could be made using just a few chips of low power consumption, allowing portable models powered from rechargeable batteries.

By using doublespeak in advertisements, aspirin production rose by almost 50 percent from over 23 million pounds in 1960 to over 35 million pounds in 1970.

By 1970, both Parton and Wagoner had grown frustrated by her lack of solo chart success, and Porter had her record Jimmie Rodgers ' " Mule Skinner Blues ", a gimmick that worked.

By 1970 the national census registered 8. 5 million people, about a 27 percent increase, while the most recent official census in 1984 recorded a figure of 12. 3 million — almost double the 1960 figure ( see table 2, Appendix ).

By 1970 several different techniques had been shown to perform well on small text corpora such as the Cranfield collection ( several thousand documents ).

By 1970, kickboxing was telecast in Japan on three different channels three times weekly.

By January 1970, Zambia had acquired majority holding in the Zambian operations of the two major foreign mining interests, the Anglo American Corporation and the Rhodesia Selection Trust ( RST ); the two became the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines ( NCCM ) and Roan Consolidated Mines ( RCM ), respectively.

By 1970, the city had a total area of approximately, more than five times its size in 1940.

By the 1970s some Native American film roles began to show more complexity, such as those in Little Big Man ( 1970 ), Billy Jack ( 1971 ), and The Outlaw Josey Wales ( 1976 ), which depicted Native Americans in minor supporting roles.

By 1970 automatic switching facilities were in use in Pyongyang, Sinŭiju, Hamhŭng, and Hyesan.

By 1970, Dot had become an all-country label and in 1974, Paramount sold all of its record holdings to ABC Records, which in turn was sold to MCA ( now Universal Music Group ) in 1979.

By 1970, New Left proponents had adopted the term political correctness.

By 1970, the latifundio type of industrial farm ( more than 50 hectares in area ) occupied more than 77 per cent of arable land in the country.

By 1968 all forms of segregation had been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, and by 1970 support for formal legal segregation had dissolved.

By 1970, Stanford was home to a linear accelerator, and was one of the original four ARPANET nodes ( precursor to the internet ).

By 1970 Macainsh was back with Strauks, now on drums, first in Claptrap and by 1971 in Frame which had Graeme " Shirley " Strachan as lead vocalist.

By 1970 the DGI had managed to train hundreds of Sandinista guerrilla leaders and had vast influence over the organization.

By the 1960s, tracks of 333. 3m length were commonly used for international competitions ( eg: the Agustín Melgar Olympic Velodrome used for track cycling events at the 1968 Summer Olympics, and Leicester's Saffron Lane velodrome used at the 1970 and 1982 Track Cycling World Championships ).

By January 1970, Zambia had acquired majority holding in the Zambian operations of the two major foreign mining corporations, the Anglo American Corporation and the Rhodesia Selection Trust ( RST ); the two became the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines ( NCCM ) and Roan Consolidated Mines ( RCM ), respectively.

By the 2000s, Rap and Hip Hop had reached their commercial peaks, and the genre continued to dominate the music scene of the decade The best-selling artist of the decade was the American rapper Eminem, who sold 32 million albums, followed by The Beatles ( who split in 1970 but have stayed extremely popular since ).

By the end of 1970 there were more than 200 Sheridans in Vietnam, and they stayed in the field until the last US Armored Cavalry unit, the 1st Squadron, 1st Armored Cavalry prepared for re-deployment back to the United States on 10 April 1972.

By 1970, President Richard Nixon initiated a Plan of Vietnamization, which would remove the US from the Vietnam War and return the responsibility of defense back to the South Vietnamese.

By contrast with hoplites, other contemporary infantry ( e. g. Persian ) tended to wear relatively light armour, use wicker shields, and were armed with shorter spears, javelins, and bows.

" By mid-1938 Goebbels was investigating the possibility of requiring all Jews to wear an identifying mark and of confining them to a ghetto, but these were ideas whose time had not yet come.

By the 24th century, females wear a style similar to males.

By the statute of 1363, poor English people were required to wear russet.

He later told NME, "' Worse for wear ' wasn't the half of it: I was extremely ill. By the time the tour actually finished it was all getting a little bit ... dangerous.

By tradition usually wear a cloak called ' kirtle ', men always wear a white kirtle ; women, a gray one.

By that time, however, Dionysus ' possession is beginning to wear off, and as Cadmus reels from the horror of his grandson's death, Agave slowly realizes what she has done.

By 1899 the panic was starting to wear off and the local wheat crop, of high quality, was growing in demand.

By the late 1970s leotards had become common both as exercise and street wear, popularized by the disco craze, and aerobics fashion craze of the time.

By the late 1980s leotards for exercise wear had become little more than bikini bottoms with straps over the shoulders, generally worn with cropped shirts.

By the mid 1990s leotards had been almost completely replaced for exercise wear by the sports bra and shorts.

By the end of the war in 1945, the Wellington had become popular among men, women and children for wet weather wear.

By the late 20th century however it became common for men to wear shorts as casual wear in summer.

By the 14th century, glassmakers were allowed to wear swords, enjoyed immunity from prosecution by the Venetian state, and found their daughters married into Venice ’ s most affluent families.

By process of social evolution, it followed that the clans / families prominent in a particular district would wear the tartan of that district, and it was but a short step for that community to become identified by it.

By contrast, a VHS tape held all of its picture and sound information on the tape in a magnetic coating which is in contact with the spinning heads on the head drum, causing progressive wear with each use ( though later in VHS's lifespan, engineering improvements allowed tapes to be made and played back without contact ).

By the 1970s the first generation regional airliners were starting to wear out, but there had been little effort in producing new designs for this market.

By examining the wear of the pubic symphysis, it is possible to estimate the age of the person at death.

By the early eighteenth century, epaulettes became the distinguishing feature of an officer, leading to officers of military units without epaulettes to petition their government for the right to wear epaulettes, to ensure that they would be recognized as officers.

By virtue of the Consolidated Criminal Practice Direction at I. 1. 1 ( as amended by Practice Direction ( Court Dress ) ( No4 ) 1 WLR 257 ), " Solicitors and other advocates authorised under the Courts and Legal Servcies Act 1990 ... may wear short wigs in circumstances where they would be worn by Queen's Counsel or junior counsel.

) By affording individual barristers a discretion to wear the forensic wig in court, the new rule defused what had become an increasingly bitter debate in the profession whether it was appropriate to cleave to anachronistic modes of dress-even as a traditional and undoubtedly recognizable uniform-and avoided a more drastic solution, such as the abandonment of wigs or gowns altogether.

By the eighteenth century, overcoats had begun to supplant capes and cloaks as outer wear, and by the mid-twentieth century the terms jacket and coat became confused for recent styles ; the difference in use is still maintained for older garments.

By the 1980s, women were entering the white-collar workforce in increasing numbers and their dress fashions adopted looks not dissimilar from men's business wear.