By 1991 the country was completely transformed into a modern industrialized state.

By 1991 the communist governments of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania, all of which had been imposed after World War II, were brought down as revolution swept Eastern Europe.

By 1991 there were enough African Esperantists to warrant a pan-African congress.

By 1991, it was relatively easy to produce gram-sized samples of fullerene powder using the techniques of Donald Huffman, Wolfgang Krätschmer and Konstantinos Fostiropoulos.

By 1991 President Callejas had achieved modest success in controlling inflation.

By 1991 the public-sector deficit was entirely financed with net external credit.

* Passing By: Selected Essays, 1962 – 1991 ( 1992 )

By summer 1991, Dahmer was murdering approximately one person each week.

By 1991, Bacon began to give up the idea of playing leading men in big-budget films and to remake himself as a character actor.

By 1991, it appeared to many that SGML would be limited to commercial and data-based applications while WYSIWYG tools ( which stored documents in proprietary binary formats ) would suffice for other document processing applications.

By the end of 1991, however, two years before the termination of the plan, no quantitative plan targets had been made public, an indication that the plan has not fared well.

By November 1990, only four months later, the 5th Battalion had deployed and in early 1991 the 21st Guards Battalion had also been formed, four staff courses had been run, support weapons and logistics training was well advanced ( indeed a logistics battalion deployed as early as July 1990 ) and an operational test exercise had been conducted.

By 1991, economic and political turmoil were beginning to boil over, as the Baltic republics chose to secede from the Union.

In the US, the new novels Moscow Club ( 1991 ) by Joseph Finder, Masquerade ( 1996 ) by Gayle Lynds, and The Unlikely Spy ( 1996 ) by Daniel Silva, and in the UK, A Spy By Nature ( 2001 ) by Charles Cumming and Remembrance Day ( 2000 ) by Henry Porter, maintained the spy novel in the post – Cold War world.

By 1991, the Shining Path had control of much of the countryside of the center and south of Peru and had a large presence in the outskirts of Lima.

By the 1991 season, the Cowboys finished with an 11-5 record and made the playoffs for the first time in six years.

By December 1991, that Association had received reports of 60 common graves and had investigated 15 of them.

By 1991 heavy use of mineral fertilizers and agricultural chemicals was a major cause of pollution in the republic.

By 1991 Microsoft added TrueType into the Windows 3. 1 operating system.

By coincidence, the last palindrome year ( 1991 ) was also a common year starting on Tuesday.

By 1991, the newly formed band had signed a recording contract with Virgin Records and enlisted the help of several drummers / percussionists ( Jim Keltner, Michael Urbano and Phil Jones ), issuing their first album, Cracker, in 1992.

By the end of the decade, Hughes ' realised his ongoing drug problem was derailing him, and by 1991 a clean, sober and fully rejuvenated Hughes returned with the vocal for the hit " America: What Time Is Love?

By 1991, Sesame Street and its songwriters had received eight Grammys.

By 1991, US arcade video game revenues had fallen to $ 2. 1 billion.

By the beginning of 1991, the government controlled only 10 percent of Afghanistan, the eleven year Siege of Khost had ended in a mujahideen victory and the morale of the Afghan military finally collapsed.

By 1462, the Portuguese had explored the coast of Africa as far as the present-day nation Sierra Leone.

By the beginning of 2002, Sierra Leone and Guinea were supporting the LURD, while Taylor was supporting opposition factions in both countries.

By supporting Sierra Leonean rebels, Taylor also drew the enmity of the British and Americans.

By 1992, 120, 000 people had fled from Sierra Leone to Guinea due to the RUF's practice of targeting civilians.

By 1545 they had reached Cape Mount, not far from the south-eastern corner of present-day Sierra Leone.

By 2007, there had been an increase in the number of drug cartels, many from Colombia, using Sierra Leone as a base to ship drugs on to Europe.

By October, 2002, the ADHS in conjunction with the Arizona Cancer Registry, determined that, " No common environmental exposure from drinking water, ambient air or waste sites were identified that might have placed residents of the Sierra Vista area at greater risk of developing leukemia.

By mid-December 2003, 67 states had ratified the Optional Protocol, including seven mentioned in this report ( The seven are: Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Philippines, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka and Uganda ).

By September 1981, it had been confirmed that the Cortina's replacement-still a year away-would be marketed as the Sierra.

By 1985, the Sierra had become the largest Ford model, following the demise of the Granada.

By contrast, the Sierra was never sold in Australia, as there was less demand for a medium-sized wagon than in New Zealand, although the RS Cosworth / RS500 was used in the Australian Touring Car Championships from the late 80's and early 90's.

By the early 1990s, however, it had become clear that the Sierra had fallen out of step technologically against modern Japanese rivals which offered multi-valve engines and multi-link rear suspension.

By 2003, he had lost control of much of the countryside and was formally indicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone.

By the time it reaches Huehuetenango, the Pan-American Highway has to once again cross over the Continental Divide and into the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes mountains.

By the late 1980s, video game music was being sold as cassette tape soundtracks in Japan, inspiring American companies such as Sierra, Cinemaware and Interplay to give more serious attention to video game music by 1988.

By the time the second generation Cavalier was discontinued to make way for the third generation model in October 1988, the Sierra was almost twice as popular.

By 2001, the combined international network of the Lima and Santiago based companies had grown to include Buenos Aires, Bogotá, La Paz, Caracas, Guayaquil and Santa Cruz de la Sierra.

By September 1981, Palmera, Jaime Sierra, Tomás Agudelo and Federico Palacios Romaña had created a group named Los Independientes ( The Independents ) of Marxist-Leninist orientation.

By that time, Sierra had unveiled their more impressive Sierra's Creative Interpreter ( SCI ) development system.

An undistinguished period followed with Paramount Pictures from 1935 to 1939, but Walsh's career rose to new heights soon after moving to Warner Brothers, with The Roaring Twenties ( 1939 ) featuring James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart ; Dark Command ( 1940 ) with John Wayne and Roy Rogers ; They Drive By Night ( 1940 ) with George Raft, Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino, and Bogart ; High Sierra ( 1941 ) with Lupino and Bogart again ; They Died with Their Boots On ( 1941 ) with Errol Flynn as Custer ; The Strawberry Blonde ( 1941 ) with James Cagney and Olivia de Havilland ; Manpower ( 1941 ) with Edward G. Robinson, Marlene Dietrich, and George Raft ; and White Heat ( 1949 ) with Cagney.

( By 1993, the Sierra had been replaced by the Mondeo in the Ford model range, hence the misquote that gave birth to Mondeo Man ).

By 1990 McRae was driving a Sierra Cosworth 4x4 and achieved sixth place in that year's RAC Rally, despite several accidents.

By 10, 500 years ago these lakes were increasingly cut off from glacial melt from the Sierra Nevada, starving them of water and concentrating salts and minerals.

By the time people started to settle Yosemite Valley 3, 000 years ago, vegetation and game in the region was similar to that present today ; the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada had acorns, deer, and salmon, while the eastern Sierra had pinyon nuts and obsidian.