By the middle of the 10th century, Kitan chieftains had established themselves as emperors of northern China ; their rule was known as the Liao Dynasty ( 916 – 1125 ).

By religion the population was 19, 916, 438 Hindu, 4, 567, 295 Muslim, 535, 950 Jain, 78, 552 Zoroastrian, and approximately 200, 000 Christian.

By the 1930s boats built of all steel from frames to plating were seen replacing wooden boats in many industrial uses, even the fishing fleets.

By 1944 US and British air forces were sending huge air fleets over occupied Europe, increasing the pressure on the Luftwaffe day and night fighter forces.

By the turn of the 20th century, the term no longer included mines and booby-traps as the navies of the world added submarines, torpedo boats and torpedo boat destroyers to their fleets.

By 830, the groups consisted of large fleets of Viking ships.

By the middle of the century large ' jacht ' fleets were found around the Dutch coast and the Dutch states organised large ' reviews ' of private and war yachts for special occasions, thus putting in place the groundwork for the modern sport of yachting.

By 1: 00 pm, the two fleets were roughly facing each other, but sailing on opposite tacks.

By 440, Vandal fleets were ravaging Sicily and Aëtius co-ordinated a joint response with the eastern court, which saw large numbers of troops arriving in Sicily, with the intent of attacking Gaiseric.

By the late 1980s, Ontario Hydro operated one of the largest fleets of nuclear powered generating stations in the world.

But still, Samuel Pepys notes in his diary on 19 July 1667: " The Dutch fleete are in great squadrons everywhere still about Harwich, and were lately at Portsmouth ; and the last letters say at Plymouth, and now gone to Dartmouth to destroy our Streights ' fleete lately got in thither ; but God knows whether they can do it any hurt, or no, but it was pretty news come the other day so fast, of the Dutch fleets being in so many places, that Sir W. Batten at table cried, By God, says he, I think the Devil shits Dutchmen.

By 2010, there are 27 local fleets in the British Isles, 10 of which have over 20 boats.

By 1983-84, it became clear that most private buyers preferred the equally roomy but cheaper and more fuel economical K-cars ; however, the M's long-proven traditional engineering, handling, and V8 engine availability appealed to police and taxi fleets, allowing the car's continued existence until the end of the decade.

By the time all the supplements had been published Man O ' War supported the following fleets:

By the 1930s, the once-profitable streetcar companies were diversifying by adding motorized buses and trackless trolleys to their fleets.

By the 1960s there were " FD " fleets throughout the world, including Lebanon, Morocco, Portuguese East Africa, Argentina, Venezuela, Thailand, along with fleets forming in Europe, the USA, Canada, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.

By the time of the Notitia Dignitatum, the Classis Germanica has ceased to exist ( it is last mentioned under Julian in 359 ), most probably due to the collapse of the Rhine frontier after the Crossing of the Rhine by the barbarians in winter 405-406, and the Mauretanian and African fleets had been disbanded or taken over by the Vandals.

By March 1918, the Russian Revolution and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk made the Baltic a German lake, and German fleets transferred troops to support newly independent Finland and to occupy much of Russia, halting only when defeated in the West.

By mid-2009, owners began retiring their original hybrid fleets after they accumulated between 300, 000 and 350, 000 miles per vehicle.

By the early 4th century, the permanent Roman fleets had dwindled, so that when the fleets of the rival emperors Constantine the Great and Licinius clashed in 324 AD, they were composed to a great extent of newly built or commandeered ships from the port cities of the Eastern Mediterranean.

By 850, the Muslim fleets, together with large numbers of independent ghazi raiders, had emerged as the major power of the Mediterranean, putting the Byzantines and the Christians in general on the defensive.

By the following day all the battle orders for the German and Italian fleets, current code books and other documents had been sent back to London.

By extending this help, we hope to make possible the enthusiastic enrollment of these nations under freedom's banner.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By springtime, he was supported by a rich merchant syndicate under the patronage of Henry, Prince of Wales.

By means of charts showing wave-travel times and depths in the ocean at various locations, it is possible to estimate the rate of approach and probable time of arrival at Hawaii of a tsunami getting under way at any spot in the Pacific.

By the time he reached the edge of the pit he was panting and his shoulder and back ached under the drag of the dead weight.

By force, he took under his protection, or stole, 900,000 square miles of wilderness in Central Africa.

By his patron Canova was placed under Bernardi, or, as he is generally called by filiation, Giuseppe Torretto, a sculptor of considerable eminence, who had taken up a temporary residence at Pagnano, one of Asolo's boroughs

By 150 BC, Assyria was under the control of the Parthian Empire as Athura ( the Parthian word for Assyria ) where the Assyrian city of Ashur seems to have gained a degree of autonomy, and temples to the native gods of Assyria were resurrected.

By this point Apple had a wide variety of communications products under development, and many of these were announced along with AppleTalk Phase II.

By the 5th century AD, Rome was in decline and the Roman predecessor town of Alicante, known as Lucentum ( Latin ), was more or less under the control of the Visigothic warlord Theudimer.

By contrast, while defendants in most civil law systems can be compelled to give a statement, this statement is not subject to cross-examination by the prosecutor and not given under oath.

By 667, the Afghan area was under invasion by the Arabs but in 683 Kabul revolted and completely routed the invading army which was led by the Governor of Seistan.

By 1760, the Maratha groups had coalesced into a big enough army under the command of Sadashivrao Bhau.

By now Blenheim was under assault from every side by three English generals: Cutts, Churchill, and Orkney.

By the Treaty of Ilbersheim, signed 7 November 1704, Bavaria was placed under Austrian military rule, allowing the Habsburgs to utilise its resources for the rest of the conflict.

By 18: 00, the British fleet was again under full sail, Vanguard sixth in the line of ten ships as Culloden trailed behind to the north, and Alexander and Swiftsure hastened to catch up to the west.

By the autumn of 1855, the royal apartments were ready, though the tower was still under construction and the servants had to be lodged in the old house.

By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large parts of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule.

By the well ordering principle, if there are positive integers that satisfy a given property, then there is a smallest positive integer that satisfies that property ; therefore, there is a smallest positive integer satisfying the property " not definable in under eleven words ".

By early 1973, inflation had risen 800 % under Allende's presidency.

By the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire was driven out of Hungary, and Austria brought the empire under central control.

By mid-1815 a large Spanish expeditionary force under Pablo Morillo had arrived in New Granada.

By regulating the processing parameters — especially the gases introduced, but also including the pressure the system is operated under, the temperature of the diamond, and the method of generating plasma — many different materials that can be considered diamond can be made.