By 1911, his description of the disease was being used by European physicians to diagnose patients in the US.

By 2003 in the US, an estimated 3. 21 million patients received antipsychotics, worth an estimated $ 2. 82 billion.

By 2008, sales in the US reached $ 14. 6 billion, the biggest selling drugs in the US by therapeutic class.

By the early 1960s, US research on the Nike Zeus missile system had developed to the point where small improvements would allow it to be used as the basis of a " real " ABM system.

By the early 1920s, unit operations became an important aspect of chemical engineering at MIT and other US universities, as well as at Imperial College London.

By the early 2000s, the CD largely replaced the audio cassette player as standard equipment in new automobiles, with 2010 being the final model year for any car in the US to have a factory-equipped cassette player.

By the 1990s, the US had adopted the M4 carbine, a derivative of the M16 family which fired the same 5. 56mm cartridge but was lighter and shorter ( in overall length and barrel length ), resulting in marginally reduced range and power.

By contrast, the album had limited success in the US, only reaching number 83 on the Billboard 200 Album Chart.

By September 22 there were no disco songs in the US Top 10 chart

By 2001, that figure had grown to US $ 409. 6 million.

By 1987, freestyle was played on US pop radio stations.

By the mid-eighties, bands began proliferating and became increasingly popular, including The Sisters of Mercy, The Mission ( known as The Mission UK in the US ), Alien Sex Fiend, The March Violets, Ausgang, Kommunity FK, Xmal Deutschland, Dead Can Dance, This Mortal Coil, The Bolshoi, and Fields of the Nephilim.

By 1995, a billion cubic meters of the gas had been collected and the reserve was US $ 1. 4 billion in debt, prompting the Congress of the United States in 1996 to phase out the reserve.

By 2000, the cooperatives had crumbled and Haitians had collectively lost more than US $ 200 million in savings.

By 1989 and the election of President Callejas, however, a heavy toll had been taken by regionwide economic recession, civil war in neighboring countries, the drying up of most external credit, and capital flight equaling more than US $ 1. 5 billion.

By November 1997, rapid currency depreciation had seen public debt reach US $ 60 bn, imposing severe strains on the government's budget.

By the early 1980s, the Bakkers had built Heritage USA in Fort Mill, South Carolina, ( south of Charlotte ), then the third most successful theme park in the US, and a satellite system to distribute their network 24 hours a day across the country.

By comparison, in 2008 Koenigsegg with its staff of 45 produced 18 cars at an average price of US $ 1 million each ; Saab employed 3, 400 workers and made more than 93, 000 cars.

By 1944 US and British air forces were sending huge air fleets over occupied Europe, increasing the pressure on the Luftwaffe day and night fighter forces.

By 1950 systems based on this early research started to reach operational service, including the US Army's Nike Ajax, the Navy's " 3T's " ( Talos, Terrier, Tartar ), and soon followed by the Soviet S-25 Berkut and S-75 Dvina and French and British systems.

By this time, Brando was already involved in films that carried messages about human rights: Sayonara, which addressed interracial romance, and The Ugly American, depicting the conduct of US officials abroad and its deleterious effect on the citizens of foreign countries.

By January 1983, Men at Work had the top album and single in both the US and the UK-a feat never achieved previously by an Australian act.

By 1947, there would be approximately 22, 000 motor courts in operation in the US alone ; a typical 50-room motel in that era cost $ 3000 per room in initial construction costs, compared to $ 12, 000 per room for metropolitan city hotel construction.

By virtue of the legal responsibilities of the Department of Employment in the farm placement program, we necessarily found ourselves in the middle between these two forces.

By the 1850s, slavery was still legal in the southern United States, but had been generally outlawed in the northern states, such as Illinois.

By the time the inquiry had retired to write up its findings, it had interviewed over 900 witnesses, over seven years, making it the biggest investigation in British legal history.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

By legal definition, all semi-highways are expressways.

By contrast, several countries can also use the same currency ( for example, the euro ), or one country can declare the currency of another country to be legal tender.

By employing the well-established legal distinction between ordinary and hazardous work, the governor also won legislative approval for a Dangerous Trades Act that barred young workers from thirty occupations.

By the start of the fourteenth century the word appeared in English texts, indicating all three senses: the most common one, the legal term and the archaic usage.

By the early Heian period, the shōen had obtained legal status, and the large religious establishments sought clear titles in perpetuity, waiver of taxes, and immunity from government inspection of the shōen they held.

By making the graffiti less explicit ( as adapted to social and legal constraints ), these drawings are less likely to be removed but do not lose their threatening and offensive character.

By 2006, such was the confusion from these multiple Acts, each amending the others ( and not all of which were ever actually commenced and thus were in the public record but not enforced as actual legislation ); and the amendments of Irish firearms legislation by other Acts ranging from the Wildlife Acts ( mostly relating to hunting law ) to the Road Traffic Acts ( relating to how and where firearms could be transported ) and others ; the large amount of secondary legislation ( Statutory Instruments, which set out regulations, the design of application forms for licences and so forth, as well as the details of when various parts of the Acts came into force ); as well as the introduction of EU firearms law into the canon of Irish legislation ; led the Irish Law Reform Commission to recommend that all the extant legislation be restated a legal process by which all the existing primary and secondary legislation would be read as one and a single document produced as the new Firearms Act ( and all prior Acts would be repealed ).

By 1997, the phrase had entered the legal lexicon as seen in an opinion by Supreme Court of the United States Justice John Paul Stevens, ' An example of " junk science " that should be excluded under the Daubert standard as too unreliable would be the testimony of a phrenologist who would purport to prove a defendant ’ s future dangerousness based on the contours of the defendant ’ s skull.

By the end of the year, he completed the manuscript for Astronomia nova, though it would not be published until 1609 due to legal disputes over the use of Tycho's observations, the property of his heirs.

By early 1961, the British had withdrawn their special court system, which handled the cases of foreigners resident in Kuwait, and the Kuwaiti Government began to exercise legal jurisdiction under new laws drawn up by an Egyptian jurist.

By " open access " to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.

By contrast, outside North American common law jurisdictions, notarial practice is restricted to international legal matters or where a foreign jurisdiction is involved, and almost all notaries are also qualified lawyers.

By doing so, the plaintiff seeks a legal remedy, and if successful, the court will issue judgment in favor of the plaintiff and make the appropriate court order ( e. g., an order for damages ).

By 1968 all forms of segregation had been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, and by 1970 support for formal legal segregation had dissolved.

By 1990, the legal barriers enforcing segregation had been mostly replaced by decentralized racism, where whites pay more than blacks to live in predominantly white areas.

By the middle of the 3rd century, the conditions for the flourishing of a refined legal culture had become less favourable.

By the middle of the 16th century, the rediscovered Roman law dominated the legal practice in a lot of European countries.

By the end of the 19th century, a new educated social class which transcended the divisions of race and caste was emerging as a result of British attempts to nurture a range of professionals for the Ceylon Civil Service and for the legal, educational, and medical professions.

By 1750, slavery was a legal institution in all of the 13 American colonies, and the profits of the slave trade and of West Indian plantations amounted to 5 % of the British economy at the time of the Industrial Revolution.

By law, the text of the Statutes at Large is " legal evidence " of the laws enacted by Congress.