By allowing a new kind of equality among citizens this opened the way to democracy, which in turn called for a new means, chattel slavery, to at least partially equalise the availability of leisure between rich and poor.

By varying the proportions of copper and zinc, the properties of the brass can be changed, allowing hard and soft brasses.

By the Treaty of Ilbersheim, signed 7 November 1704, Bavaria was placed under Austrian military rule, allowing the Habsburgs to utilise its resources for the rest of the conflict.

By the end of the 19th century the Sherman Act, New Jersey allowing holding companies, and mergers resulted in larger corporations with dispersed shareholders.

By 1970, a calculator could be made using just a few chips of low power consumption, allowing portable models powered from rechargeable batteries.

By allowing parents and students to " vote with their feet ," they incentivize schools to increase accountability and school performance.

By allowing these functions ( and constants ) to be complex numbers, trigonometric functions and their inverses become included in the elementary functions ( see trigonometric functions and complex exponentials ).

By allowing the radix point to be adjustable, floating-point notation allows calculations over a wide range of magnitudes, using a fixed number of digits, while maintaining good precision.

Sudanese surgeon Nahid Toubia — president of RAINBO ( Research, Action and Information Network for the Bodily Integrity of Women ) — told the BBC in 2002 that campaigning against FGM involved trying to change women's consciousness: " By allowing your genitals to be removed is perceived that you are heightened to another level of pure motherhood — a motherhood not tainted by sexuality and that is why the woman gives it away to become the matron, respected by everyone.

By convention, the longest serving state governor holds a dormant commission, allowing an assumption of office to commence whenever a vacancy occurs.

By 1900, Germany's economy matched Britain's, allowing colonial expansion and a naval race.

By May 1914 the Bill had complied with the requirements set down by the Parliament Act 1911, allowing the government to force its enactment over the heads of the unionist-dominated House of Lords.

By increasing this distance, larger tires can be installed, which will increase the ground clearance, allowing it to traverse even larger and more difficult obstacles.

* Passive Method – By allowing past karmas to ripen in due course of time and experiencing the results, both good and bad with equanimity.

By allowing the Hungarians to destroy Europe's only Ukrainian state, Ribbentrop had signified that Germany was not interested ( at least for the moment ) in sponsoring Ukrainian nationalism.

“ By allowing deals with Burma ’ s state-owned oil company, the U. S. looks like it caved to industry pressure and undercut Aung San Suu Kyi and others in Burma who are promoting government accountability ,” HRW ’ s Business and Human Rights Director Arvind Ganesan said.

By allowing possession and retail sales of cannabis, but not cultivation or wholesale, the government creates numerous problems of crime and public safety, he alleges, and therefore he would like to switch to either legalising and regulating production, or to the full repression that his party ( CDA ) officially advocates.

By not outing gay Bishops who support policies which harm homosexuals, we would be protecting those Bishops and thereby allowing them to continue to inflict suffering on members of our community.

By the mid-16th century, the electoral process had evolved into its present form, allowing for variation in the time between the death of the pope and the meeting of the cardinal electors.

By December 1979, Muzerowa had replaced Smith as Prime Minister and secured a a fresh agreement with the more militant African factions, allowing Rhodesia to briefly revert to her colonial status pending popular elections.

By allowing the establishment of geological timescales, it provides a significant source of information about the ages of fossils and the deduced rates of evolutionary change.

By 1996, however, the issue had been set aside, with Italy renouncing any revision of the Treaty of Osimo, allowing a significant improvement in relations.

By the 11th century BC, the authority of the New Kingdom dynasties had diminished, allowing divided rule in Egypt, and ending Egyptian control of Kush.

By replacing ten cards with five symbols and using three reels instead of five drums, the complexity of reading a win was considerably reduced, allowing Fey to devise an effective automatic payout mechanism.

By its terms the boundary between Alfred ’ s and Guthrum ’ s kingdoms was to run up the River Thames, to the River Lea ; follow the Lea to its source ( near Luton ); from there extend in a straight line to Bedford ; and from Bedford follow the River Ouse to Watling Street.

" By adopting a policy of building up reserves by maintaining an excess margin, building societies simultaneously allowed banks to compete and may have undermined the long run viability of mutuality.

By the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football.

By the end of its run in 1973, public tastes had changed and her firmly established persona regarded as passé.

By the early 18th century, other publishers began to issue collections of dances as well ; a conservative estimate of the number of dances in the English style published between 1651 and 1810 would run to around 20, 000.

By 1930 Himmler had persuaded Hitler to run the SS as a separate organisation, although it was still subordinate to the SA.

By the time he had reached 12, he had made many attempts to run away from home.

Nicholas G. Fotion comments that, " By the late 1960s it became obvious that the movement had pretty much run its course.

By design, programs written for MVS run on z / OS without modification.

By 1986 the system was complete to the point of being able to run on its own on the DEC VAX.

By 1987 the list included the Encore Multimax and Sequent Balance machines, testing Mach's ability to run on multiprocessor systems.

By November 1990, only four months later, the 5th Battalion had deployed and in early 1991 the 21st Guards Battalion had also been formed, four staff courses had been run, support weapons and logistics training was well advanced ( indeed a logistics battalion deployed as early as July 1990 ) and an operational test exercise had been conducted.

By acquiring the successful Balaban & Katz chain in 1926, he gained the services of Barney Balaban ( who would eventually become Paramount's president in 1936 ), his brother A. J. Balaban ( who would eventually supervise all stage production nationwide and produce talkie shorts ), and their partner Sam Katz ( who would run the Paramount-Publix theatre chain from New York City ).

By the Classical period, the races were run by ephebes also in honor of Hephaestus and Athena.

By playing for the 2005 Orioles alongside fellow 500-home-run batter Rafael Palmeiro, Sosa and Palmeiro became the first 500 home run club members in history to play together on the same team after reaching the 500 home run plateau.

By the time the first quarter ended, Miami had run 20 plays for 118 yards and eight first downs, and scored touchdowns on their first two possessions.

By the end of the game, Elway was sacked five times and threw three interceptions, and Washington scored another touchdown on a 68-yard fourth quarter drive featuring a 25-yard run by Clark on a reverse and three runs by Smith for 43 yards, the last a 4-yard touchdown to bring the game to its final score of 42 – 10.

By his day, he thought, " it is getting to be harder to run a constitution than to frame one.

By 1975 there were two competing freestyle organizations, Professional Freestyle Associates ( PFA ) run by Curtis Oberhansly and the International Freestyle Skiers Association ( IFSA ) run by Bernie Weichsel.

By 1967, the independent candidates had gained traction within the black community, winning several aldermanic seats ; by 1983, the League of Negro Voters would be instrumental in Washington's run for Mayor.

By European law, manufacturers of electronic devices are advised to run EMC tests in order to comply with compulsory CE-labeling.

By the end of the first season, the far more family-friendly tone of the series was firmly in place ; after the show returned for a second season in Fall of 1979, the template was set in place that would remain for the rest of the run.