By ancient common law it might be required of all persons above the age of 12, and it was repeatedly used as a test for the disaffected.

By now the rebel forces were said to have numbered 230, 000, however, this number should be treated with scepticism — Dio's account is known only from a late epitome, and ancient sources commonly exaggerate enemy numbers.

By 1000 BC ancient civilizations were using technologies that formed the basis of the various branches of chemistry such as ; extracting metal from their ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, making pigments for cosmetics and painting, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, making cheese, dying cloth, tanning leather, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.

By roughly the 1st century BC, the ancient kingdom of Buyeo also had mounted warriors.

By ancient tradition, Basques, and indeed other peoples in Medieval Europe, held assemblies under a tree, usually an oak, to discuss matters affecting the community.

By analogy with the ancient Greek term for agriculture, geoponics, the science of cultivating the earth, Gericke coined the term hydroponics in 1937 ( although he asserts that the term was suggested by W. A. Setchell, of the University of California ) for the culture of plants in water ( from the Greek hydro -, " water ", and ponos, " labour ").

By the 1970s, the ideas of canals and ancient civilizations had to be abandoned.

By the late ancient period, however, the " traditionalist " Asharite view of Islam had in general triumphed.

By the human interest with which he imbues all his scenes from ancient life he brings them within the scope of modern feeling, and charms us with gentle sentiment and playfulness.

By his naming the blade " Sting " we see Bilbo's acceptance of the kinds of cultural and linguistic practices found in Beowulf, signifying his entrance into the ancient world in which he found himself.

By ancient law, no nobleman could command more than twenty-five men ( to prevent the possibility of sedition by private armies ), and while the position of Captain General was introduced in the mid-14th century, he still had to answer to a civilian panel of twenty Savi or " wise men ".

By taking samples from different sites and different strata within a particular region, researchers can build a comprehensive historical sequence that becomes a part of the scientific record ; for example, ancient timbers found in buildings can be dated to give an indication of when the source tree was alive and growing, setting an upper limit on the age of the wood.

By the 4th century, the Thracians had a composite indigenous identity, as Christian " Romans " who preserved some of their ancient pagan rituals.

By the 19th century, the site of the ancient city was wholly desolate, with the exception of a solitary guardhouse, and the ground for the most part thickly overgrown with shrubs and low brushwood ; but the remains of the walls could be distinctly traced throughout a great part of their circuit.

By 650 BC the ancient Greeks were using larger diameter punches to imprint small page images onto coins and tokens.

By bringing Chrysoloras to Florence, Salutati made it possible for a select group of scholars ( including Bruni and Vergerio ) to read Aristotle and Plato in the original ancient Greek.

By consequence, the constellation is no longer visible from subtropical northern latitudes, as it was in the time of the ancient Greeks.

By the late 19th century, explorers were uncovering ancient civilisations around the world, such as Egypt's Valley of the Kings, and the empire of Assyria.

By the 15th century Moscow principality ( or Muscovy ) established its sovereignty over a large portion of ancient Rus territory, including Novgorod, Pskov, and parts of Chernigov and Pereyaslavl principalities.

By the sixteenth century Assiswork had become more popular and employed a wider range of motifs, many based on Renaissance imagery of satyrs, demons and ancient mythical creatures.

By the late 10 century, the name Varna was established so firmly that when Byzantines wrestled back control of the area from the Bulgarians in the 970's, they kept it rather than restoring the ancient name Odessus.

By the earlier 20th century, both were created Urban District Councils ( UDC ), as was Foots Cray ( an ancient village site ).

By driving west from Fredericktown on Highway 72 and looking further west, one can witness a rare geological oddity: the fossilization not just of a plant or animal, but of an entire very ancient landscape.

By the " Metaphysical " phase, he referred not to the Metaphysics of Aristotle or other ancient Greek philosophers.

By pairing the two dimensions, Eysenck noted how the results were similar to the four ancient temperaments.

By using custom formatting and load / save routines ( sometimes included in third-party DOSes, see below ), all of the mechanically possible 40 tracks could be used.

By the twelfth century great churches in Germany, like those elsewhere were finding it difficult to hold out against the accumulation of lay custom and lay objections to temporary inheritance.

By the early 18th century, the custom had become common in towns of the upper Rhineland, but it had not yet spread to rural areas.

By the later 3rd century, however, some Christians began to express dissatisfaction with the custom of relying on the Jewish community to determine the date of Easter.

By convention, the charge carried by electrons is deemed negative, and that by protons positive, a custom that originated with the work of Benjamin Franklin.

By Roman custom, February 24 is the day added to a leap year in the Julian calendar.

By custom, the Presiding Officer gives the floor leaders priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate.

By the end of the 12th century they had become holy days of obligation across Europe and involved such traditions as ringing bells for the souls in purgatory and " souling ", the custom of baking bread or soul cakes for " all crysten christened souls ".

By custom, it is the right of each state to determine who its nationals are.

By way of custom of international law, genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes are usually not subject to statute of limitations, nor to prescription.

By 2000 the custom had spread to all of Japan.

By British custom the cables to the outside world are terminated on the horizontal side, and the indoors equipment on the vertical side.

By Hammurabi's time, almost all trace of tribal custom had already disappeared from the law of the Code.

* By custom, kings in Macedonia assert their right to the throne by burying their predecessor.

By English law and custom they may only elect the person who has been nominated by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister.

By custom, kings in Macedonia asserted their right to the throne by burying their predecessor.

By the 12th century, the Kerait rulers were still following a custom of bearing Christian names, which may have fueled the legend.

By custom, kings in Macedon asserted their right to the throne by burying their predecessor.

By custom it used a combination of the lesser state arms of Sweden and the arms for the town of Jönköping.

By political custom, the king's nominees have all been from parties who hold the most seats in the Cortes.

By political custom established by Juan Carlos I since the ratification of the 1978 Constitution, the king's nominees have all been from parties who maintain a plurality of seats in the Congress.

By custom, the President gives the State of the Union address annually.

By defining offerings as individual capabilities that when combined and focused to a specific industry, creates a custom solution rather than pigeon-holing a customer into a product.

By the blood of these creatures it is the custom to appease the gods.