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By and arguing
By contrast, von Neumann recommended against floating point for the 1951 IAS machine, arguing that fixed point arithmetic was preferable.
By this time, Booth was arguing so vehemently with his older, pro-Union brother Edwin about Lincoln and the war that Edwin finally told him he was no longer welcome at his New York home.
By 1894, the year the Congress was held, he publicly criticised the type of amateur competition embodied in English rowing contests, arguing that its specific exclusion of working-class athletes was wrong.
By turning Hegel's idealist dialectics upside-down, Marx advanced his own theory of dialectical materialism, arguing that " it is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness.
By the time the land was finally available, the 1973 oil crisis and the attendant increase in the price of jet fuel had forced airlines to cut back, and some of the airport's original backers began arguing it was no longer economically viable.
By contrast, other groups have embraced the hyphen, arguing that the American identity is compatible with alternative identities and that the mixture of identities within the United States strengthens the nation rather than weakens it.
By 1961 the ICFI had split politically, the Internationalist Communist Party ( PCI ) in France and the Socialist Labour League ( SLL ) in Britain arguing that a workers ' state had not been created in Cuba, putting them at odds with the American SWP and the other organisations in the ICFI.
By the time of the Slánský trials, the Kremlin had been arguing that Israel, like Yugoslavia, had bitten the Soviet hand that had fed it, and thus the trials took an overtly anti-Semitic tone, with eleven of the fourteen defendants tried with Slánský being Jewish.
By spring 2009 she had become sharply critical of Brown, arguing that he had failed to introduce the social-democratic policies he promised, and was very poor at presentation too.
By implication they were arguing that this affected the RFU's decisions on the issue of " broken time " payments ( as compensation for the loss of income ) to the detriment of northern clubs, who made up the majority of English rugby clubs.
By 1926-7 Tolkien was considering the alternative titles ' An Exile ', or ' Alone the Banished Man ', and by 1964-5 was arguing for ' The Exile's Lament '.
By the time Fox regained office in 1806 as member of Grenville's Ministry of All the Talents, Ponsonby's health was poor, with the result that his wife urgently pressed his claims for a peerage, arguing that it was merited by his opposition to the Regency Bill and the Union, and by his staunch support for the Foxite whigs at Westminster.
By the middle of the sixties the party was arguing that its experiences from the Harlem rebellion onward had slowly convinced them to abandon advocacy of ethnic nationalism as a politically appropriate route to workers seizing state power, but it did not set out this new conviction in official Party doctrine until 1969, when it came out openly with an organization-wide document called Revolutionaries Must Fight Nationalism.
In Redefining the Political Novel, Sharon M. Harris responds to Cathy Davidson's work by arguing that The Coquette can be understood as a political novel ; she writes,By recognizing and satirizing, first, the political systems that create women ’ s social realisms and, second, the language used to convey those systems to the broader culture, Foster exposes the sexist bases of the new nation ’ s political ideologies .”
By a 7-2 majority the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Duncan, arguing that the right to a jury trial in criminal cases was fundamental and central to the American conception of justice.
By arguing that preventative nuclear strikes would lead to escalation from limited to total war, Brodie concluded that deterrence through second strike capability would lead to a more secure outcome for both sides.
By the early 1960s, Hilary Putnam was arguing in favor of machine functionalism in which the brain instantiated Turing machines.
By 2005, several Ursari who had taken residence in Bucharest Sector 4 requested to be issued deeds for formerly state-owned land in Bolintin Deal, which was then being allocated to residents ; the local authorities denied their request, arguing that ownership of the land in question was still subject to dispute, and indicating that the Ursari could purchase other plots if they chose to do so.
By arguing that a rapid military buildup would hinder the economy and harm the defense industrial base, civilian leaders convinced the PLA to accept the relegation of national defense to last place in the Four Modernizations.

By and films
By the time The Circus was released, Hollywood had witnessed the introduction of sound films.
These films should not be confused with comedic cult movies like The Toxic Avenger, Bad Taste, Army of Darkness, Murder By Death, Spaceballs, and the films of John Waters, which purposely utilize elements from films " so bad they're good " for comedic effect.
By 1896, it was clear that more money could be made by showing motion picture films with a projector to a large audience than exhibiting them in peep-show machines.
By 1898 Georges Méliès was the largest producer of fiction films in France, and from this point onwards his output was almost entirely films featuring trick effects, which were very successful in all markets.
By this date there were finally enough films several minutes long available to fill a programme running for at least half an hour, and which could be changed weekly when the local audience became bored with it.
By 1911 there were enough independent and foreign films available to programme all the shows of the independent exhibitors, and in 1912 the independents had nearly half of the market.
By 1910, the French film companies were starting to make films as long as two, or even three reels, though most were still one reel long.
By 1910 new smaller Danish companies began joining the business, and besides making more films about the white slave trade, they contributed other new subjects.
By 1912 and 1913, there are beginning to be many films from many American companies that rely on applying novel decoration to the story, rather than supplying any twists to the drama itself to sustain interest.
By 1918 the edges of ordinary circular irises were becoming very fuzzy when they were used in American films.
By 1916 there are a number of films in which there are around 15 to 20 true reverse-angle cuts per hundred shot transitions, such as The Deserter ( Scott Sidney ) and Going Straight.
By the end of the war such films formed an appreciable but minor part of production: e. g. The Gun Woman ( F. Borzage, 1918 ) and Jubilo ( Clarence Badger, 1919 ).
By 1917 Chaplin was also introducing more dramatic plot into his films, and mixing the comedy with sentiment.
By the 1920s, the U. S. reached what is still its era of greatest-ever output, producing an average of 800 feature films annually, or 82 % of the global total ( Eyman, 1997 ).
By the mid-twenties the British film industry was losing out to heavy competition from Hollywood, the latter helped by having a much larger home market-in 1914 25 % of films shown in the UK were British, but by 1926 this had fallen to 5 %.
By 1931, Curtiz had already been in Hollywood for half a decade, making as many as six films a year.
By 1952, at the age of 55, Capra effectively retired from Hollywood filmmaking and spent his later years working with Caltech, his alma mater, to produce educational films on science topics.
By the time You Bet Your Life debuted on TV on October 5, 1950, Groucho had grown a real mustache ( which he had already sported earlier in the films Copacabana and Love Happy ).
By 1991, Bacon began to give up the idea of playing leading men in big-budget films and to remake himself as a character actor.
By continuous rapid exchange of bound water with other free water molecules, these polymer films keep the surfaces separated while maintaining a high fluidity at the brush – brush interface at high compressions, thus leading to a very low coefficient of friction.

By and had
By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.
By 1898, rustling losses had been driven down to the lowest level ever seen in Wyoming.
By the death of his father in 1888 he had come into possession of the family estate and had re-assumed its traditions.
By the time Lilian had been graduated from public school, her parents were doing quite well.
) By the time the streetcar pulled away, he had fallen in love with Paula.
By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.
By the age of six young Johnny indicated that he had the call.
By September 1940 the Suite had developed into a collection of six songs, `` four spirituals, a dream, and a lullaby ''.
By now he had become Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge and had been honored by the award of the Order of Merit.
By both standards Thomas had the right to be proud.
By June 19, 1788, he had presented himself to its Commander in Chief, the Governor of the Southern Provinces, the Director of the War College -- The Prince.
By 1783 her legions had managed to annex the Crimea amid scenes of wanton cruelty and now, in this second combat with the Crescent, were aiming at suzerainty over all of the Black Sea's northern shoreline.
By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.
By this time Woodruff had accurately measured Pike as a man of great personal pride, a man who would fly into a towering rage if his integrity were questioned, and who would be anxious to avenge himself.
By 1834 the art of oratory had reached a very high level in the United States as a literary form.
By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.
By 1937 he had clarified his intentions to serve his people: `` I have striven for clarity and melodious idiom, but at the same time I have by no means attempted to restrict myself to the accepted methods of harmony and melody.
By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.
By this time Churchill was not so cordial toward moving Poland westward as he had been at Teheran, where he and Eden had both heartily approved the idea.
By December, 1958, when ' Abdallah Ibrahim became President of the Council, elections had even greater importance.
By 800 social and cultural security had been achieved, at least on a simple plane ; ;
By this time large numbers of the audience had left the hall.

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