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Page "Electron" ¶ 16
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By and comparison
By comparison, Stone Harbor bird sanctuary's allies seem less formidable, for aside from the Audubon Society, they are mostly the snowy, common and cattle egrets and the Louisiana, green, little blue and black-crowned herons who nest and feed there.
By comparison, Fritzie and Laura Andrus were quivering fledglings.
By comparison, corporate profit tax generated less than 16 percent of the revenues.
By comparison the Harvard Mark I could perform the same task in just six seconds.
By comparison self-propelled artillery can stop at a chosen location and begin firing almost immediately, then quickly move on to a new position.
By comparison, bronze is principally an alloy of copper and tin.
By comparison Whorf's other work in linguistics, the development of such concepts as the allophone and the cryptotype, and the formulation of " Whorf's law " in Uto-Aztecan historical linguistics, have met with broad acceptance.
By comparison, the same index ranked neighbor Ukraine, 131st and Russia, 140th.
By comparison to biotechnology, bioengineering is generally thought of as a related field with its emphasis more on higher systems approaches ( not necessarily altering or using biological materials directly ) for interfacing with and utilizing living things.
Coal ( from the Old English term col, which has meant " mineral of fossilized carbon " since the 13th century ) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided per day.
By comparison, estimates of the population density per square kilometer of the Indian Ocean's other island microstates ranged from 241 ( Seychelles ) to 690 ( Maldives ) in 1993.
By comparison, the former colony of the United Province of Canada ( divided into the District of Canada East, and the District of Canada West ) and the western provinces were dozens of times larger and in some cases were expanded to take in territory formerly held in British Crown grants to companies such as the Hudson's Bay Company ; in particular the November 19, 1869 sale of Rupert's Land to the Government of Canada under the Rupert's Land Act 1868 was facilitated in part by Maritime taxpayers.
By comparison, when Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980, it released ~ 1. 2 km < sup > 3 </ sup > ( DRE ) of ejecta.
( By comparison, the ratio in twelfth-century China was one bureaucrat for every 15, 000 people.
By way of comparison, the routes départementales cover a total distance of 365, 000 km.
By comparison, the other major English domestic cup, the League Cup, involves only the 92 members of the Premier League and Football League.
By comparison, the density of lead is 11, 340 kg / m < sup > 3 </ sup >, and that of the densest element, osmium, is 22, 610 kg / m < sup > 3 </ sup >.
By comparison, recent figures ( as of 14 November 2008 ) estimate Zimbabwe's annual inflation rate at 89. 7 sextillion ( 10 < sup > 21 </ sup >) percent., which corresponds to a monthly rate of 5473 %, and a doubling time of about five days.
By comparison, this proportion reached only 17 per cent in Wallonia, barely 10 per cent in most West European countries, 16 per cent in France and 25 per cent in England.
By comparison, this amounts to approximately addresses for each of the seven billion people alive in 2011.
By comparison, according to the Gnostic view of Salvation, creation was perfect to begin with ; it did not need time to grow and mature.
By way of comparison, the Niger – Congo family is said to have some 1, 500 languages.
By comparison, in 2008 Koenigsegg with its staff of 45 produced 18 cars at an average price of US $ 1 million each ; Saab employed 3, 400 workers and made more than 93, 000 cars.
By comparison, a re-release of Monty Python and the Holy Grail had earned $ 1. 8 million USD three years earlier.

By and electron
By considering the propagation of the negative energy modes of the electron field backward in time, Ernst Stueckelberg reached a pictorial understanding of the fact that the particle and antiparticle have equal mass m and spin J but opposite charges q.
By recording these changes in the electron beam, microscopists can produce atomically resolved image of the material.
By definition, it is the amount of energy gained by the charge of a single electron moved across an electric potential difference of one volt.
By mass-energy equivalence, the electron volt is also a unit of mass.
By inserting the energetic definitions of the ionization potential and electron affinity into the Mulliken electronegativity, it is possible to show that the Mulliken chemical potential is a finite difference approximation of the electronic energy with respect to the number of electrons., i. e.,
By convention, the charge of an electron is − 1, while that of a proton is + 1.
By contrast, inelastic scattering occurs when energy is transferred from the incoming X-ray to the crystal, e. g., by exciting an inner-shell electron to a higher energy level.
By contrast, electron beams may produce strong secondary scattering even for relatively thin crystals (> 100 nm ).
By assuming that the material contains immobile positive ions and an " electron gas " of classical, non-interacting electrons, the Drude model was able to explain electrical and thermal conductivity and the Hall effect in metals, although it greatly overestimated the electronic heat capacity.
By emitting an electron and an electron antineutrino, carbon-14 ( half-life of 5730 years ) decays into the stable ( non-radioactive ) isotope nitrogen-14.
By carefully analyzing the noise of a current, the charge of an electron can be calculated.
By Pauli's exclusion principle, both the particles after scattering have to lie above the Fermi surface, with energies Now, suppose the initial electron has energy very close to the Fermi surface Then, we have that also have to be very close to the Fermi surface.
By accepting the electrons, oxygen allows the electron transport chain to continue functioning.
By connecting this gun to a high voltage source ( typically ~ 100 – 300 kV ) the gun will, given sufficient current, begin to emit electrons either by thermionic or field electron emission into the vacuum.
By connecting the filament to the negative component power supply, electrons can be " pumped " from the electron gun to the anode plate, and TEM column, thus completing the circuit.
By inserting the energetic definitions of the ionization potential and electron affinity into the Mulliken electronegativity, it is possible to show that the Mulliken chemical potential is a finite difference approximation of the electronic energy with respect to the number of electrons., i. e.,
By contrast, the photosynthesis in plants uses water as electron donor and produces oxygen.
By contrast, the second electron resides in the deeper second electron shell, and the second ionization energy required for its removal is much larger: + 4562. 4 kJ per mole.
By convention, the voltage is used to characterize X-and gamma-ray beams ( in volts ), whilst electron beams are characterized by their energies ( in electronvolts ).
By convention, the voltage is used to characterize X-and gamma-ray beams ( in volts ), whilst electron beams are characterized by their energies ( in electronvolts ).
By convention, the voltage is used to characterize X-and gamma-ray beams ( in volts ), whilst electron beams are characterized by their energies ( in electronvolts ).

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