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By convention, the top strand is written from the 5 ' end to the 3 ' end ; thus, the bottom strand is written 3 ' to 5 '.
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By and convention
By convention in some law reports, the appellant is named first.
By convention, the bicyclic β-lactams are numbered starting with the position occupied by sulfur in the penams and cephems, regardless of which atom it is in a given class.
By convention the products form the numerator.
By modern convention, enclosures are numbered from the centre outwards.
By convention, a calendar year consists of a natural number of days.
) By convention, L ( P, P )
By direct substitution, the solution to this equation can be readily shown to be the scalar Green's function, which in the spherical coordinate system ( and using the physics time convention ) is:
By convention, unknowns are denoted by letters at the end of the alphabet, x, y, z, w, …, while knowns are denoted by letters at the beginning, a, b, c, d, ….
By convention, the charge carried by electrons is deemed negative, and that by protons positive, a custom that originated with the work of Benjamin Franklin.
By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part.
By convention, electric engine refers to a railroad electric locomotive, rather than an electric motor.
By convention, letters at the beginning of the alphabet ( e. g. ) are typically used to represent constants, and those toward the end of the alphabet ( e. g. and ) are used to represent variables.
By convention, the charge of an electron is − 1, while that of a proton is + 1.
By convention the subroutine expected this and the first thing it did was to overwrite its final jump instruction with that address so that it returned.
( By modern convention, the sequence begins with F < sub > 0 </ sub > = 0.
By convention, this may only be advised by the Prime Minister.
By convention, the longest serving state governor holds a dormant commission, allowing an assumption of office to commence whenever a vacancy occurs.
By convention, the Prime Minister is appointed to this Council and advises as to which parliamentarians shall become ministers and parliamentary secretaries.
By law and Southern social convention, household heads were adult, white propertied males, and all white women and all African Americans were thought to require protection and guidance because they lacked the capacity for reason and self-control.
By convention the audience realises that the character's speech is unheard by the other characters on stage.
By defying the convention of painting on an upright surface, he added a new dimension by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions.
By convention, one of these, the Prime Meridian, which passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England, establishes the position of zero degrees longitude.
By convention, the carbon atoms are numbered from 1 to x along the backbone, starting from the end that is closest to the C =
By convention, physical quantities are organized in a dimensional system built upon base quantities, each of which is regarded as having its own dimension.
By and top
By using the palette to mask the top area of the display and taking care about when it changes mode it can shift the continuous graphics at the bottom of the display down in two pixel increments because the internal display counter is not incremented on blank scanlines during non-continuous graphics modes.
By in vitro measurement of the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity with an ORAC score of 9, 584 units per 100 g, cranberry ranks near the top of 277 commonly consumed foods in the United States.
By the fifth classification all the letters of the alphabet are in use for top level classes.
By early 2003, Polgár had worked her way back into the top 10 rated players in the world.
By the turn of 1992 they were top of the Second Division, and then suffered a dip in form before recovering to qualify for the playoffs, during which Dalglish led Blackburn into the new Premier League by beating Leicester City 1 – 0 in the Second Division Play-off final at Wembley.
By the end of 1917, Trotsky was unquestionably the second man in the Bolshevik Party after Lenin, overshadowing the ambitious Zinoviev, who had been Lenin's top lieutenant over the previous decade, but whose star appeared to be fading.
By this time he was getting paid a million dollars per film, $ 200, 000 less than top star Paul Newman was making at the time ; yet he was ambivalent about the film business, even with its financial rewards:
By putting backspin on the ball the Magnus effect results in air travelling over the top of the ball quickly and cleanly whilst air travelling under the ball is turbulent.
By January 1983, Men at Work had the top album and single in both the US and the UK-a feat never achieved previously by an Australian act.
By the early 1970s, Nicaragua had become the United States ' top beef supplier.
By 1974, the scene's top act, Dr. Feelgood, was paving the way for others such as The Stranglers and Cock Sparrer that would play a role in the punk explosion.
By 1998, simultaneous with Montenegrin Prime Minister Milo Đukanović coming out on top in the power struggle with Montenegrin President Momir Bulatović, the republic undertook a different economic policy by adopting the Deutsche Mark as its currency.
By running over these coins, a kart collects them and increases its top speed.
By the Academic Ranking of World Universities, one of its campuses, UC Berkeley, is ranked second worldwide among public and private universities, and three — Berkeley, Los Angeles, and San Diego — are ranked among the top 15.
By making all the parts out of the same block of material and adding the metal needed to connect them as a layer on top of it, there was no more need for individual discrete components.
By 1971, the FCC introduced the Prime Time Access Rule, which freed local network affiliates in the top 50 markets ( in practice, the entire network ) to take a half hour of prime time from the networks on Mondays through Saturdays and one full hour on Sundays.
By 2001, there were several grocery stores, dry cleaners, and two grade schools and a top high school.
By counting the rings formed by the stack of smaller, older scutes on top of the larger, newer ones, it is possible to estimate the age of a turtle, if one knows how many scutes are produced in a year.
By the early 1990s, however, all the top dance teams were performing routines in the theatrical, rather than ballroom, style.
" By the end of 1972, over a million copies were in print, Reader's Digest had published a condensed version, and the book reached the top of the New York Times Best Seller list where it remained for 38 weeks.
By the 1940s, Tracy was one of the studio's top stars.
By 1946 she was Hollywood's highest-paid entertainer and top female tax payer in the United States, earning more than $ 200, 000 that year (=$ 2. 2 million in 2010 adjusted for inflation ), according to IRS records.
By 1713 the public debt of the province of Holland had reached 310 million guilders ; the debt of the Generality was 68 million ; and the debts of the smaller provinces, and of the cities came on top of this.
By April 1974, ELP were on top of the bill during the California Jam Festival, pushing co-stars Deep Purple to second billing.
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