By the 1960s and ' 70s, interviewing began to be employed more often when historians investigated history from below.

By contrast, Ewing and Lundstrom came to their conclusions on what happened to Butch after interviewing the still living survivors of O ’ Hare ’ s last mission: F6F pilot Skon, TBF radar officer Rand, and TBF gunner Kernan.

By interviewing key members of each team, Larson & LaFasto identified eight effective strategies a leader should employ to enhance team building:

By reporting on social issues such as the proliferation of AIDS and SARS in China, the problem of Greenhouse effect, pollution in China and Germany ( which is an episode in 1997 ), via interviewing the people involved, and by questioning everything, the objectives of the program are thus reached.

By the late 1980s, Tom Metzger began Race and Reason, a Public-access television cable TV show, airing WAR propaganda and interviewing other neo-Nazis.

By examining reports, interviewing witnesses, and visiting the crime scene and surrounding areas, Dr. Farwell was able to discover salient features of the crime that Harrington had never been exposed to at his previous trials.

By interviewing coaches and players the editors felt they got the inside " scoop " on who the " sleepers " were for an All-Pro Team.

By happy accident, Ryan is offered a job with the lottery bureau interviewing and photographing lottery winners.

By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.

The largest species are red alder ( A. rubra ) on the west coast of North America, and black alder ( A. glutinosa ), native to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 m. By contrast, the widespread Alnus viridis ( green alder ) is rarely more than a 5 m tall shrub.

By the late nineteenth century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States.

By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing became widely popular.

By choosing widely separated keys, one could employ one dimple as a ' shift ' key to allow both letters and numbers to be produced.

By the 200s BC, the crossbow () was well developed and quite widely used in China.

By 1978, it was widely practiced by members of the group.

By the eighteenth century, Chianti was widely recognized as a red wine, but the exact composition and grape varieties used to make Chianti at this point is unknown.

By 1910 the turbine had been widely adopted by all navies for their faster ships.

By the 1980s, widely popular drummers like Billy Cobham, Carl Palmer, Nicko McBrain, Phil Collins, Stewart Copeland and perhaps most notably Neil Peart were using large numbers of drums and cymbals and had also begun using electronic drums.

By the 1930s, the five-line cinquain verse form became widely known in the poetry of the Scottish poet William Soutar.

By the coming of the Age of Enlightenment, however, Erasmus increasingly returned to become a more widely respected cultural symbol and was hailed as an important figure by increasingly broad groups.

By 2005 the process was being used for products ranging from orange juice to guacamole to deli meats and widely sold.

By the end of the 20th century, most handguns carried regularly by military, police and civilians were semi-automatic, although revolvers were still widely used.

By the 7th century the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the East, under the name of the Conception ( active ) of Saint Anne.

By the end of the 15th century was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties, but such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas ( who had been canonised in 1323 and declared " Doctor Angelicus " of the Church in 1567 ) that the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 63 )— which might have been expected to affirm the doctrine — instead declined to take a position.

By 1866 it had already become a widely popular gambling game in Houston, Texas, under the name ' Keno '.

By 1952 a theologian such as Ludwig Ott could, in a widely used and well-regarded manual, openly teach the possibility that children who die unbaptised might be saved for heaven — though he still represented their going to limbo as the commonly taught opinion.

By the end of WWII all forces had widely introduced unguided rockets using HEAT warheads as their major anti-tank weapon ( see Panzerfaust, Bazooka ).

By extension, the term " manichean " is widely applied ( often disparagingly ) as an adjective to a philosophy or attitude of moral dualism, according to which a moral course of action involves a clear ( or simplistic ) choice between good and evil, or as a noun to people who hold such a view.

By the 13th century, tanka had become the dominant form of Japanese poetry, and it is still widely written today.

By circa 1980 the use of a " record changer ", which might scuff up or otherwise damage the discs, was widely disparaged, so the " turntable " emerged triumphant and retained its position to the end of the 20th Century and beyond.

By the start of the 20th century it became widely popular throughout North America and was listened and danced to, performed, and written by people of many different subcultures.

By modern times, both the war and the city were widely believed to be non-historical.

By relaxing the throat muscles and expanding the oral cavity well into the frontal sinuses, she could direct the vowel sounds into the most felicitous position for proper reproduction through her throat microphone.

By 1200 BCE, the oral performance of these texts becomes standardized, and treatises on ritual recitation suggest splitting up the Sanskrit compounds into words, stems, and phonetic units, providing an impetus for morphology and phonetics.

By the time oral ribavirin was finally approved by the FDA as part of a combination treatment ( with interferon ) for hepatitis C in 1998, the original ICN patents on ribavirin itself had expired, and ( notwithstanding subsequent patent disputes ) ribavirin had become essentially a generic drug.

( By the 1970s oral history had grown this tale into a 1950s McCarthy-era exercise by an unnamed professor, and that it was a symbolic attack on the " big lie " political style of the Red-hunters of the era.

By the late 19th century, the examinations were administered by committees of attorneys, and eventually changed from a oral examination to a written one.

By the time of the Lawrence decision, nine states − Alabama, Florida, Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Utah and Virginia − still banned consensual sodomy without respect to the sex of those involved, and four − Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma and Missouri − prohibited same-sex couples from engaging in anal and oral sex.

# By the end of first grade, only “ a single cognitive impact was found for each cohort .” Compared to students in the control group, the 4-year-old Head Start cohort did “ significantly better ” on vocabulary and the 3-year-old cohort tested better in oral comprehension.

By far, the ones in the Bacteroidia class are the most well-studied, including the genus Bacteroides ( an abundant organism in the feces of warm-blooded animals including humans ), and Porphyromonas, a group of organisms inhabiting the human oral cavity.

By the 19th century and the era of Tanzimat reforms, the influence of Turkish folk literature, until then largely oral, began to appear in Turkish poetry, and there was increasing influence from the literature of Europe ; there was a corresponding decline in classical court poetry.

By contrast, oral vowels are ordinary vowels without this nasalisation.

Smithers, an Australian comparativist working on native histories, argues that Windschuttle's political agenda shows a ‘ discomfort with the way the " orthodox school " by inflating Aboriginal deaths, impugns Australian identity and its virtuous Anglo-Saxon origins .’ Windschuttle's book plays to ' the white wing populism of white Australians, who feel their racially privileged position is under attack .’ By reaction, Smithers argues, Windschuttle highlights ' the nation ’ s virtues ’, privileging the opinions of settlers and colonial officials, ' while rejecting Aboriginal oral histories.

By narrowing the period of its creation to the tenth and eleventh centuries, the dynamic of literary composition is erroneously attributed to an oral epic.

By the 1970s, this legend lived merely as a tale passed down from year to year in an oral tradition, and has never been documented enough to confirm.

By counting and calculating, Taylor wanted to transform management, which was essentially an oral tradition, into a set of calculated and written techniques.

By introducing the written word to the keepers of the oral tradition, Diabaté effectively changed the canons.

By using the Arab strap or by holding the base shaft tightly in hand, the discharge of secretions may be avoided during oral sex, resulting in retrograde ejaculation.

By 1891, the so-called " combined method " ( manual and oral ) was introduced.