By measuring the velocities of pulsars, it is possible to put a limit on the asymmetry of supernova explosions.

By measuring behavioral responses to different stimuli, one can understand something about how those stimuli are processed.

By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc.

By measuring rainfall, runoff, and drainage area, Perrault showed that rainfall was sufficient to account for flow of the Seine.

By emitting a high-frequency chirp from the transducer, and measuring the amount of time it takes to hear an echo from the sound waves bouncing off an object, one can calculate the distance to that object.

By measuring the frequency of the returned signal and comparing that with the original, the difference can be easily measured.

By measuring the decay products of extinct radionuclides with a mass spectrometer and using isochronplots, it is possible to determine relative ages of different events in the early history of the solar system.

By measuring the difference in time between the pulse being transmitted and the echo being received, it is possible to determine how far away the object is.

By determining the environmental circumstances during the measuring and by revising the air-tightness afterwards, the standardization of the data is warranted.

By precisely timing the LIDAR ' echo ,' and by measuring how much laser light is received by the telescope, scientists can accurately determine the location, distribution and nature of the particles.

By 1983 it was accepted that the speed of light was constant and that this provided a more reproducible procedure for measuring length, the metre was redefined in terms of the speed of light.

By sheer coincidence, exactly 100 years later on 07 August 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory rover used its Radiation Assessment Detector ( RAD ) instrument to begin measuring the radiation levels on another planet for the first time.

By measuring the shapes and orientations of large numbers of distant galaxies, their orientations can be averaged to measure the shear of the lensing field in any region.

By scanning the microscope's beam in an X-Y pattern and measuring the light emitted with the beam at each point, a map of the optical activity of the specimen can be obtained.

By explicitly dealing with the interaction of object and measuring instrument, von Neumann has attempted to create consistency of the two processes of wave function change.

By measuring the beam current it could be determined whether the spot was originally a zero or a one, and a new value could be stored by the beam.

By measuring the rate and timing of orbital shifts, together with the body's drag properties, the relevant atmosphere's parameters could be back-calculated.

By measuring and analyzing network data using triangulation, pattern matching or cell-sector statistics ( in an anonymous format ), the data was converted into traffic flow information.

By dividing Caswell County into two squares – each side measuring approximately twenty ( 20 ) miles in length, the settlers formed two counties of each.

By measuring the length of a seconds pendulum in different latitudes, one can calculate the " oblateness " of the Earth-i. e.

By measuring the total round-trip time on an radar's oscilloscope, the aircraft's range could be accurately determined even at very long ranges.

By measuring this signal from several satellites, the receiver can re-build an accurate clock signal of its own.

By measuring chlorophyll content Nitrogen deficiency can be detected.

By applying a voltage across the bilayer and measuring the resulting current, the resistance of the bilayer is determined.

By monitoring, we mean some system of control over the types of information sent from the various centers.

By personal factors I mean those rooted in personality structure.

By extension, it can mean an underworld abode of lost souls, or hell.

By the Victorian era, ballad had come to mean any sentimental popular song, especially so-called " royalty ballads ", which publishers would pay popular singers to perform in Britain and the United States in " ballad concerts.

By comparing Arithmetic and Geometric mean of numbers

By cultism we mean the adherence to doctrines which are pointedly contradictory to orthodox Christianity and which yet claim the distinction of either tracing their origin to orthodox sources or of being in essential harmony with those sources.

By extension, the word for carrying or drawing a beer came to mean the serving of the beer and, in some senses, the act of drinking, or a drink of beer itself, regardless of serving method.

By the time Bramah's beer pumps became popular, the use of the word draught to mean the act of serving beer was well established and transferred easily to beer served via the hand pumps.

By " satisfactory " one would mean at least the equivalent of Plancherel theorem.

By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics follows a meandering path ( a course ), forming symmetric loops ( also called bights ) symmetrically above and below the mean path of the yarn.

By " open access " to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.

By the mid-15th century the term lollard had come to mean a heretic in general.

By metaphoric extension, the term " movable feast " was used by Ernest Hemingway to mean the memory of a splendid place that continues to go with the moving traveler for the rest of life, after he has had the experience of it and gone away.

By extension, the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context.

( By arithmetic he meant, in part, theorising on number, rather than what arithmetic or number theory have come to mean.

By comparing the photographic plates of the Pleiades cluster taken in 1918 with images taken in 1943, van Maanen was able to identify those stars that had a proper motion similar to the mean motion of the cluster, and were therefore more likely to be members.

By contrast, the central and southern parts of Guangdong province experience an average January temperature of above, while the July mean is generally above.

By the time of Christ, the Greco-Roman world had started to use the term " myth " ( Greek muthos ) to mean " fable, fiction, lie "; as a result, the early Christian theologians used " myth " in this sense.

By inter-religious pluralism, we mean the views held within one major faith tradition ( e. g., Christianity ) about the validity or truth of other major faith traditions ( e. g., Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, etc .).

By synecdoche the term " Sabbath " in the New Testament may also mean simply a " se ' nnight " or seven-day week, namely, the interval between two Sabbaths.

By extension the term self-determination has come to mean the free choice of one's own acts without external compulsion.

By objects, Wittgenstein did not mean physical objects in the world, but the absolute base of logical analysis, that can be combined but not divided ( TLP 2. 02 – 2. 0201 ).

By extension, " onshore trust " has come to mean any trust resident in a high-tax jurisdiction.

By this I mean the principle that, in deciding what is good and what is bad for a given individual, the ultimate criterion can only be his own wants and his own preferences .”