By considering the propagation of the negative energy modes of the electron field backward in time, Ernst Stueckelberg reached a pictorial understanding of the fact that the particle and antiparticle have equal mass m and spin J but opposite charges q.

By considering circumscribed spheres, the notion of Delaunay triangulation extends to three and higher dimensions.

By spring 1942, he was considering involvement in war work.

By considering NRM members innocent " victims " of psychological coercion these theories open the door for psychological treatments.

By contrast, socialism emphasises distributing output among trades as required by each trade, not necessarily considering how trades organise internally.

By selling vast quantities of shrimp and catfish to the U. S., Vietnam triggered antidumping complaints by the U. S., which imposed tariffs in the case of catfish and was considering doing the same for shrimp.

By 1942 Rockefeller had become increasingly impatient that his purchased property might never be added to the park, and wrote to the Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes that he was considering selling the land to another party.

By the mid-1980s, therefore, it had become essential that the PNDC demonstrate that it was actively considering steps towards constitutionalism and civilian rule.

By 1702, Victor Amadeus was considering changing allegiance to the emperor again having entered secret correspondence with the emperor who promised him the Duchy of Montferrat.

By considering the impact of emotions, cognitive errors, irrational preferences, and the dynamics of group behavior, behavioral finance offers succinct explanations of excess market volatility as well as the excess returns earned by stale information strategies .... cognitive errors may also explain the existence of market inefficiencies that spawn the systematic price movements that allow objective TA analysis methods to work.

By 1925 she was considering how to prepare a laboratory guide in that field but " was persuaded by colleagues to write an advanced text " ( quoted in Hutchinson, p. 107 ).

By only considering geodesic distances or other isometric properties as done in spectral shape analysis, it is possible to retrieve all cats in a database of animals independent of the pose.

By trying the killer move before other moves, a game playing program can often produce an early cutoff, saving itself the effort of considering or even generating all legal moves from a position.

By considering bets on more than one event de Finetti could justify additivity.

By considering a coordinate transformation on a manifold as a map from the manifold to itself, the transformation of covariant indices of a tensor are given by a pullback, and the transformation properties of the contravariant indices is given by a pushforward.

By 08: 00 the Russians were occupying redoubts 1, 2 and 3, and, considering it too close to the enemy, had razed redoubt No. 4.

By 1925 he was considering appointing Stewart to the Senate, to remove him from active political involvement, but was handicapped by the absence of any other Alberta representation in his cabinet.

By considering the complex analytic structure induced on this compact surface we are led to the theory of compact Riemann surfaces.

By then considering perturbations by various mass terms they were able to calculate the superpotential in the presence of arbitrary numbers of colors and flavors, valid even when the theory is no longer weakly coupled.

By February, the opposition lords were considering accusing the Duke of York of high treason, which resulted in the king proroguing parliament on 24 February in order to protect his brother.

By 1985, their campaign had acquired sufficient traction for Congress to begin considering passing protectionist laws.

By considering the three possible outcomes ( Red Sox, Yankees, some other team ), you will see that regardless of which of the three outcomes eventuates, you lose.

By considering Riemann surface with boundary, we can couple it to the d = 1 conformal theory instead of coupling d = 2 theory to d = 0.

By considering the occurrences of values from, one has an alternate way to refer to, through.

* By whether they work on blocks of symbols usually of a fixed size ( block ciphers ), or on a continuous stream of symbols ( stream ciphers ).

* By whether the same key is used for both encryption and decryption ( symmetric key algorithms ), or if a different key is used for each ( asymmetric key algorithms ).

Confucius never stated whether man was born good or evil, noting that ' By nature men are similar ; by practice men are wide apart ' — implying that whether good or bad, Confucius must have perceived all men to be born with intrinsic similarities, but that man is conditioned and influenced by study and practise.

By not asking about the horses, Confucius demonstrates that the sage values human beings over property ; readers are led to reflect on whether their response would follow Confucius's and to pursue self-improvement if it would not have.

By chemotactic selection we can determine whether a still uncharacterized molecule acts via the long-or the short-term receptor pathway.

By contrast, the EM far-field is composed of radiation that is free of the transmitter in the sense that ( unlike the case in an electrical transformer ) the transmitter requires the same power to send these changes in the fields out, whether the signal is immediately picked up, or not.

By the completeness theorem of first-order logic, a statement is universally valid if and only if it can be deduced from the axioms, so the can also be viewed as asking for an algorithm to decide whether a given statement is provable from the axioms using the rules of logic.

By the 1950s surviving silent movie comedians could be pressed into service as Keystone Cops regardless of whether they appeared with the troupe authentically.

By reason one determines whether one's Christian witness is clear.

Pollutants may be classified by various criteria: ( 1 ) By the origin: whether they are natural or man-made ( synthetic ).

By the term " divine " James meant " any object that is godlike, whether it be a concrete deity or not " to which the individual feels impelled to respond with solemnity and gravity.

By and large, good moves in the very earliest stages are determined by whether there is a refutation to a move only and few other truly general considerations aside from what exactly constitutes a refutation.

By a straightforward reduction to the halting problem it is possible to prove that ( for any Turing complete language ) finding all possible run-time errors in an arbitrary program ( or more generally any kind of violation of a specification on the final result of a program ) is undecidable: there is no mechanical method that can always answer truthfully whether a given program may or may not exhibit runtime errors.

By this, Guru Nanak meant that there is no distinction between religion in God's eyes, whether polytheist, monotheist, pantheist, or even atheist, all that one needs to gain salvation is purity of heart, tolerance of all beings, compassion and kindness.

By Legendre-transforming this expression, he defined the concepts of enthalpy and " free energy " ( now universally known as the " Gibbs free energy "), a thermodynamic potential which is especially useful to chemists since it determines whether a reaction will proceed spontaneously at a fixed temperature and pressure.

By studying the interactions of homogeneous substances in contact, i. e., bodies, being in composition part solid, part liquid, and part vapor, and by using a three-dimensional volume-entropy-internal energy graph, Gibbs was able to determine three states of equilibrium, i. e., " necessarily stable ", " neutral ", and " unstable ", and whether or not changes will ensue.

By comparison, the term means of production applies to these means independent of their ownership and their compensation, and regardless of whether the mode of production is capitalist, feudal, slave, communal, or otherwise.

By the mid-1970s, auto manufacturers modified the system so that a warning buzzer would sound for several seconds before turning off ( with the warning light ), regardless of whether the car was started.

By the Interpretation Act of 2005, no incumbent appointee of the Crown is affected by the death of the monarch, nor are they required to take the Oath of Allegiance again, and all references in legislation to previous monarchs, whether in the masculine ( e. g. His Majesty ) or feminine ( e. g. the Queen ), continue to mean the reigning sovereign of Canada, regardless of his or her gender.

By showing Saruman selective visions of his new armies, Sauron convinced the Wizard that he was going to win the War of the Ring, regardless of whether he actually found the One Ring.

By determining whether a currency is undervalued or overvalued, the index should give a guide to the direction in which currencies should move.

By the middle of the season, an emergency town meeting is called to vote on whether Dale should be dismissed.

By restoring 10 minutes to the film, the complex story now fits together in a seamless way, filling in those gaps found in the previous theatrical release, and proving that Peckinpah was firing on all cylinders for this, his grandest achievement .... And the one overwhelming feature that the director's cut makes unforgettable are the many faces of the children, whether playing, singing, or cowering, much of the reaction to what happens on-screen is through the eyes, both innocent and imitative, of all the children.

By the time the book was published, he did not know whether he wanted to write another Bond book or not.