By making the mass number of soldiers blend within the landscape / painting, it shows that he believed that the usage and depiction of landscape was just as significant as a historical event, such as a war.

By age twenty, she had met and befriended the important, and pivotal, landscape painter of the Barbizon School, Camille Corot, who excelled in figure painting as well.

By 1000 BC ancient civilizations were using technologies that formed the basis of the various branches of chemistry such as ; extracting metal from their ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, making pigments for cosmetics and painting, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, making cheese, dying cloth, tanning leather, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.

These skillfully rendered paintings encouraged fan Glenn Bray to ask Barks if he could commission a painting of the ducks (" A Tall Ship and a Star to Steer Her By ", taken from the cover of Walt Disney's Comics and Stories # 108 by Barks ).

By the 1880s, Pissarro began to explore new themes and methods of painting in order to break out of what he felt was an artistic “ mire ”.

By the time David died, the painting had been completed and the commissioner Ambroise Firmin-Didot brought it back to Paris to include it in the exhibition " Pour les grecs " that he had organised and which opened in Paris in April 1826.

By arguing that films had auteurs, or authors, Truffaut sought to make films ( and their directors ) at least as important as the more widely-accepted art forms, such as literature, music, and painting.

By the time he opened his own furniture workshop in 1917, Rietveld had taught himself drawing, painting and model-making.

By the late 18th century, with both religious and mytholological painting in decline, there was an increased demand for paintings of scenes from history, including contemporary history.

By the later 19th century, history painting was often explicitly rejected by avant-garde movements such as the Impressionists ( except for Édouard Manet ) and the Symbolists, and according to one recent writer " Modernism was to a considerable extent built upon the rejection of History Painting ... All other genres are deemed capable of entering, in one form or another, the ' pantheon ' of modernity considered, but History Painting is excluded ".

By recreating the sensation in the eye that views the subject, rather than delineating the details of the subject, and by creating a welter of techniques and forms, Impressionism is a precursor of various painting styles, including Neo-Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, and Cubism.

By this time the methods of Impressionist painting, in a diluted form, had become commonplace in Salon art.

By defying the convention of painting on an upright surface, he added a new dimension by being able to view and apply paint to his canvases from all directions.

By the late 1960s however, postminimalism, process art and Arte Povera also emerged as revolutionary concepts and movements that encompassed both painting and sculpture, via lyrical abstraction and the postminimalist movement, and in early conceptual art.

By the early 1960s minimalism emerged as an abstract movement in art ( with roots in geometric abstraction of Kazimir Malevich, the Bauhaus and Piet Mondrian ) that rejected the idea of relational and subjective painting, the complexity of abstract expressionist surfaces, and the emotional zeitgeist and polemics present in the arena of action painting.

By the late 18th century European influences in painting were clear, with the introduction of oils, perspective, figurative paintings, use of anatomy and composition.

By the 17th century the influence of Renaissance painting resulted in Russian icons becoming slightly more realistic, while still following most of the old icon painting canons, as seen in the works of Bogdan Saltanov, Simon Ushakov, Gury Nikitin, Karp Zolotaryov and other Russian artists of the era.

By the end of the nineteenth century, Arts and Crafts ideals had influenced architecture, painting, sculpture, graphics, illustration, book making and photography, domestic design and the decorative arts, including furniture and woodwork, stained glass, leatherwork, lacemaking, embroidery, rug making and weaving, jewelry and metalwork, enameling and ceramics.

By 1923, he had entirely abandoned architecture and design and moved to the south of France with Margaret where he concentrated on watercolour painting.

By 1620, the approximate date of Ambrosius Bosschaert's painting ( illustration, below ), new garden varieties had been developed, such as the cream-colored crocus feathered with bronze at the base of the bouquet, similar to varieties still on the market.

By 1907, he had begun painting naturalistic self-portraits and landscapes.

By the late 1860s, Degas had shifted from his initial forays into history painting to an original observation of contemporary life.

By the end of 1987, Algiers and N ' Djamena were negotiating to improve relations.

By 1854 the British wanted to resume relations with Dost Mohammad, whom they had essentially ignored in the intervening twelve years.

By definition, equality follow a number of " equivalence relations ", including ( a ) reflexive ( i. e. ), ( b ) symmetric ( i. e. if then ) ( c ) transitive ( i. e. if and then ).

By 1569, relations with the Habsburgs had deteriorated, and Elizabeth considered marriage to two French Valois princes in turn, first Henry, Duke of Anjou, and later, from 1572 to 1581, his brother Francis, Duke of Anjou, formerly Duke of Alençon.

By keeping very cool relations to NATO, and to western military powers in general, Finland could fend off Soviet preludes for affiliation to the Warsaw Pact.

By 1798, relations with France had deteriorated to the point that war seemed imminent, and on July 4, 1798, President Adams offered Washington a commission as lieutenant general and Commander-in-chief of the armies raised or to be raised for service in a prospective war.

By August 1809, diplomatic relations with Britain deteriorated as minister David Erskine was withdrawn and replaced by " hatchet man " Francis James Jackson ; Madison however, resisted calls for war.

By January 1944, Germany had diplomatic relations with only a handful of countries: Argentina, Ireland, Vichy France, the Salo Republic in Italy, Occupied Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, Switzerland, the Holy See, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Thailand, Japan, and the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo and the Wang Jingwei regime in China.

By 2004 George W. Bush had lifted the economic sanctions and official relations resumed with the United States.

By the end of August, relations improved again as the countries had redrawn the Hungarian and Romanian borders, settled some Bulgarian claims and Stalin was again convinced that Germany would face a long war in the west with Britain's improvement in its air battle with Germany and the execution of an agreement between the United States and Britain regarding destroyers and bases.

By yielding the Papal claims to Parma, Clement obtained the restitution of Avignon and Benevento, and in general he succeeded in placing the relations of the spiritual and the temporal authorities on a friendlier footing.

By 1996, however, the issue had been set aside, with Italy renouncing any revision of the Treaty of Osimo, allowing a significant improvement in relations.

By 1940 Germany had threatened to break of diplomatic relations with Uruguay.

By the rank-nullity theorem, a system of n vectors in k dimensions ( where all dimensions are necessary ) satisfies a ( p = n − k )- dimensional space of relations.

By then, relations with his other RCC comrades, namely Khaled and Zakaria Mohieddin and former vice president Ali Sabri had become strained.

By the late 1780s, trade relations had opened with the Tlingits, and in 1799 the Russian-American Company ( RAC ) was formed in order to monopolize the fur trade, also serving as an imperialist vehicle for the Russification of Alaska Natives.

By contrast, Algeria's post-independence border disagreements with Tunisia and Libya, which were at times a cause for poor relations, both appear to have been peacefully resolved ( to its advantage ).

By this point, the Yankees, long noted for being slow to adapt to changes in race relations, have come to develop many minority players in their farm system and seek out others via trades and free agency.

By the mid-1890s, he had broken off relations with all of his Jewish friends, publicly disavowed his previous friendships with Jewish artists, and refused to use models who he believed might be Jewish.

Recently with the rise of Evo Morales in Bolivia and Michelle Bachelet in Chile relations have improved, although the border dispute is still pending .. By year 2011 the relations with the Chile has been deteriorated with the Sebastián Piñera administration.

By March 1939, these ambitions, charges of atrocities on both sides of the German-Polish border, distrust, and rising nationalist sentiment led to the complete deterioration of Polish-German relations.

By now Arha's relations with Kossil have deteriorated to the point of no return and they have a public falling out in front of the subordinate priestesses.

By 1806 the United States was becoming increasingly hostile to the British Empire ; relations between the two nations continued to deteriorate until war finally broke out in 1812.