By this time, as we shall see, the Tories were already planning to `` punish '' Steele for his political writing by expelling him from the House of Commons.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By the mid-4th century however the assembly's judicial functions were largely curtailed, though it always kept a role in the initiation of various kinds of political trial.

By resigning Laws became the shortest serving Minister in modern British political history with less than 18 days service as a Cabinet Minister.

By 1967, when a military junta had seized power in Greece, the political impetus for enosis had faded, partly as a result of the non-aligned foreign policy of Cypriot President Makarios.

By contrast, in ceremonial monarchies, the monarch holds little actual power or direct political influence.

By contrast, the Fascist and Nazi regimes of Italy and Germany tended to confine their coercive activities to purely political aims, without any serious attempt to force the ideological conversion of their opponents.

By the time Gorbachev ushered in the process that would lead to the dismantling of the Soviet administrative command economy through his programs of glasnost ( political openness ), uskoreniye ( speed-up of economic development ) and perestroika ( political and economic restructuring ) announced in 1986, the Soviet economy suffered from both hidden inflation and pervasive supply shortages aggravated by an increasingly open black market that undermined the official economy.

By now the group had become a de-facto political force, pitting itself against rising elements of American social and political life such as the religious right, Ronald Reagan and the idle rich.

Despite the revivalists ' various political views and different opinions regarding the nature of authentic folk music, they all shared an understanding of Americanism that grounded the nation's identity in cultural pluralism and political democracy " By the end of the 1930s they along with the musicians and others had turned American folk music into a social movement.

By the 1960s science fiction was combining sensationalism with political and technological critiques of society.

By 1917 Finland had experienced rapid population growth, industrialization, improvements in the economy and standard of living, and the rise of a comprehensive labor movement ; economic, social, and political divisions were deepening while the Finnish political system was in an unstable phase of democratization and modernization.

By the middle of June the political situation in Barcelona had deteriorated and the POUM — painted by the pro-Soviet Communists as a Trotskyist organisation — was outlawed and under attack.

By then, the Sumerian Peoples of south Mesopotamia were all organized into a variety of independent City-states, such as Ur and Uruk, which by around 26th century BC had begun to coalesce into larger political units.

By Haitian standards, Magloire's rule was firm, but not harsh: he jailed political opponents, including Fignolé, and shut down their presses when their protests grew too strident, but he allowed labor unions to function, although they were not permitted to strike.

By the end of the 1930s, the PNH was the only organized functioning political party in the nation.

By the start of the 18th century, a political union between Scotland and England became politically and economically attractive, promising to open up the much larger markets of England, as well as those of the growing British Empire.

By 1944 the UAP had effectively disintegrated and in 1945 Menzies formally established a new political party, the Liberal Party of Australia, and forged an enduring coalition with the Country Party.

By the mid-15th century, the Benin Empire was engaged in political expansion and consolidation.

By the 1930s, approximately 30, 000 white settlers lived in the area and gained a political voice because of their contribution to the market economy.

By holding out prospects for external capital assistance, the United States can provide strong incentives to prepare for the concerted economic drive necessary to achieve self-sustaining growth.

By 1994, however, the Armenian Government had launched an ambitious IMF-sponsored economic liberalization program that resulted in positive growth rates in 1995-2005.

By 1994, however, the Armenian Government had launched an ambitious IMF-sponsored economic program that has resulted in positive growth rates in 1995-99.

By the 1970s the shift was underway from the earlier economic history to cultural history and the history of mentalities.

By 2012, despite natural gas prices at a ten-year low and a higher Canadian dollar, oil prices had recovered enough to restart economic growth.

By that time, the misdirection and irrationality of BCP economic policies had become quite clear.

By contrast most of the party's seats were won either due to the absence of a candidate from one of the other parties or in rural areas on the " Celtic fringe ", where local evidence suggests that economic ideas were at best peripheral to the electorate's concerns.

By 1972, the economic progress of Allende's first year had been reversed, and the economy was in crisis.

By early 2000 there had been the beginning of an economic recovery, with the export sector leading the way, as it enjoyed the benefit of the more competitive exchange rate, as well as strong prices for petroleum, Colombia's leading export product.

By the beginning of the 19th century, government policy on both sides of the Atlantic began to change, reflecting the growing popularity of the proposition that corporations were riding the economic wave of the future.

By 1990 the Soviet government had lost control over economic conditions.

By mid-1947, as East-West tensions over economic recovery in Germany and the Greek Civil War escalated, Eisenhower gave up his hopes for cooperation with the Soviets and agreed with a containment policy to stop Soviet expansion.

By the 1980s, the economic viability of the islands was in doubt, but after the Falklands War there was a new commitment from the United Kingdom government.

By international agreement and Gabonese law, an exclusive economic zone extends off the coast, which prohibits any foreign fishing company to fish in this zone without governmental authorization.

By 1973 the PAIGC controlled most of the interior of the country, while the coastal and estuary towns, including the main populational and economic centres remained under Portuguese control.

By the mid-18th century decline had set in because of several economic factors.

By 1989 President Callejas's broad economic goal became to return Honduran economic growth to 1960-80 levels.

By 1989 and the election of President Callejas, however, a heavy toll had been taken by regionwide economic recession, civil war in neighboring countries, the drying up of most external credit, and capital flight equaling more than US $ 1. 5 billion.

By 2006 Hungary ’ s economic outlook had deteriorated.

By 1900 Scotland had 3500 miles of railway ; their main economic contribution was moving supplies in and product out for heavy industry, especially coal-mining.

By determining the intersection of the two hyperbolic curves identified by this method, a geographic fix can be determined.

The Fagaceae, or oak family, is a very slow evolving clade compared to other angiosperms, and the patterns of hybridization and introgression in Quercus pose a great challenge to the concept of a species since a species is often defined as a group of “ actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups .” By this definition, many species of Quercus would be lumped together according to their geographic and ecological habitat, despite clear distinctions in morphology and, to a large extent, genetic data.

By targeting federal resources to specific geographic areas the Kennedy administration realized that political favors could be bought.

By the early 1900s, the recognized geographic distribution of this disease grew to include parts of the United States as far north as Washington State, Idaho, and Montana and as far south as California, Arizona, and New Mexico.

By geographic area, Ware County is the largest Georgia county.

By excluding the German-speaking part of the multinational Austrian Empire, this geographic construction represented a German question | little Germany solution.

We Have No Bananas ", and invocations of foreign lands with emphasis on general feel of exoticism rather than geographic or anthropological accuracy, such as " Oh By Jingo!

By making the knowledge of experienced museum specialists available to amateurs, they increase the gathering of information by amateurs from a wider geographic area and increasing the communication of these findings to the specialists.

By geographic designation, there are international, regional, and national standards bodies ( the latter often referred to as NSBs ).

By excluding the German-speaking part of the multinational Austrian Empire, this geographic construction represented a German question | little Germany solution.

By using the geo backend, incoming clients can be redirected to the nearest Wikipedia server ( based on their geographic location ).

By the 1980s the cable system had acquired additional licences, and soon covered a geographic area taking in most of southern York Region.

By 1839, large numbers of homeless, dispossessed Aborigines, refugees from surrounding pastoral districts, were ".... surviving whenever and however they could on the geographic, social and economic margins of the town Melbourne.

By that time, it was apparent that the use of force in enforcing plague regulations was proving counter-productive and, now that the plague had spread to rural areas, enforcement in larger geographic areas would be impossible.

By the 1780s, with the influx of Loyalist refugees from the American Revolutionary War, the disparate geographic regions that comprised Nova Scotia were again split into separate colonies.

By having multiple servers in different geographic locations, a monitoring service can determine if a Web server is available across different networks worldwide.

By preventing players with IPs from other countries, the server population of Carnac-West was greatly reduced, drastically eliminating the login issues for players of the permitted geographic regions.

By the time of the Street Festival's inception, the Neartown area served as the social and geographic hub of Houston's Gay and Lesbian Community, as well as the focal point of alternative art and music within the City of Houston at large.

By the early 80s, the company was active throughout Quebec and began development of new geographic markets, first in Ontario, then in the Maritimes.