By presenting the card, the purchaser is typically entitled to either a discount on the current purchase, or an allotment of points that can be used for future purchases.

By marrying Richard III's niece, Elizabeth of York, Henry VII successfully bolstered his own disputed claim to the throne, whilst moving to end the Wars of the Roses by presenting England with a new dynasty, of both Lancastrian and Yorkist descent.

By the mid-1970s, however, the debate had moved on to other issues as monetarists began presenting a fundamental challenge to Keynesianism.

By presenting ideological differences in life or death terms, Truman was able to garner support for this communism-containing policy.

By presenting material in her magazine that would " stimulate thought ", " arouse hope, courage and impatience ", and " express ideas which need a special medium ", she aimed to go against the mainstream media which was overly sensational.

By using a fictional country instead of a real one, authors can exercise greater freedom in creating characters, events, and settings, while at the same time presenting a vaguely familiar locale that readers can recognize.

By the 15th century, it had evolved into an occasion in which lovers expressed their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionery, and sending greeting cards ( known as " valentines ").

By contrast chronic dilatation ( especially in the elderly population ) may have a more insidious onset presenting, for instance, with Hakim's triad ( Adams triad ).

By presenting the external world as an object of faith, Jacobi legitimized belief and its theological associations.

By presenting Tweedlepunch as a highly respected phrenologist, Gilfain plots to marry off his clerks to the heads of the Florodora farms ( all young island girls ), thereby attaining even more control of the island.

By the time of the D-Day landings in 1944, he was presenting the magazine programme War Report which featured regular news from the beaches of Normandy.

By 1957, there were 19 tent theatres, many located in Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey, and all presenting musicals only.

By presenting the principles of anarchism in plain language, the New York anarchists hoped that readers might be swayed to support the movement or, at a minimum, that the book might improve the image of anarchism and anarchists in the public's eyes.

By presenting the contrast of struggle between Christianity and Islam, Gundulić continued Marko Marulić's glorification of the fights against the invading Ottoman Turks.

By this time he had recorded 16 albums, sold more than six million albums, and sung for Pope John Paul II, the Queen, and the Prince and Princess of Wales in a private recital, as well as presenting numerous children's television programmes.

By presenting the Commission with its own rulings in a May 29, 1961 petition, Kennedy was able to prompt it to do what it had promised in 1955, five years before the Boynton ruling was handed down, and six years before the Freedom Riders set out to test Boynton across the Deep South.

By 1616, he was presenting in lectures his case for the circulation of the blood, but it was not until 1628 that he published it in his classic work, De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis.

By presenting subjects with neutral, sexually arousing and religious words while measuring GSR, Ramachandran was able to show that patients with TLE showed enhanced emotional responses to the religious words, diminished responses to the sexually charged words, and normal responses to the neutral words.

* July 19 – Trans World Airlines becomes the first airline to show regularly scheduled movies during its flights, presenting By Love Possessed to first-class passengers.

By presenting the wilderness to the public, dioramas nurtured an appreciation of our natural heritage, which, in turn, contributed to the growth of the Conservation Movement in the United States.

By 1936, two years after the death of his wife, Paderewski consented to appear in a film presenting his talent and art on the screen.

By presenting a light field using technology that maps each sample to the appropriate ray in physical space, one obtains an autostereoscopic visual effect akin to viewing the original scene.

By way of contrast, Status Quo became one of the most successful British rock acts by presenting an apparently unsophisticated style of boogie-based rock music ; and Van Morrison gained international critical acclaim through a blend of rock, jazz and blues styles.

By 1920, Ferriss had begun to develop his own style, frequently presenting the building at night, lit up by spotlights, or in a fog, as if photographed with a soft focus.

By studying grassroots activism and the lived experiences of its participants, her high school students came to appreciate how African Americans worked to end Jim Crow laws in the 1950s.

By doing this, Orange Alternative participants could not be arrested by the police for opposition to the regime without the authorities becoming a laughing stock.

Although he was stunned by the upheaval by participants in the Annual Reminder in 1969, he later observed, " By the time of Stonewall, we had fifty to sixty gay groups in the country.

By " the Modi " is meant the proposals for amendments of that draft text which some of the Council participants had presented.

By actively processing evidence, making inferences, using common sense and personal experiences to inform their decision-making, research has indicated that jurors are effective decision makers that seek thorough understanding, rather than passive, apathetic participants unfit to serve on a jury.

By contrast, Ponzi schemes can survive simply by persuading most existing participants to reinvest their money, with a relatively small number of new participants.

By the early 1990s, the major UNIX system vendors had begun to realize that the standards rivalries often termed as the Unix wars were causing all participants more harm than good, leaving the UNIX industry open to emerging competition from Microsoft.

By the late 1970s and early 1980s, as many of the actual participants had grown older, moved on to other issues or died, this led to misunderstandings as to who had actually participated in the Stonewall riots, who had actually organized the subsequent demonstrations, marches and memorials, and who had been members of early activist organizations such as Gay Liberation Front and Gay Activists Alliance.

By 1960 all of the participants had been expelled by IGAS.

By the 1990s, the study tour had become a 6 week long program with an enrollment of 1200 participants aged from 18 – 23 with a management staff of over 80 Counselors.

By accepting this proposition, the participants agreed that their descendants would also serve in the military and work in a theme, thus simultaneously reducing the need for unpopular conscription as well as cheaply maintaining the military.

By the conclusion of the training, the Lifespring trainer and volunteers attempted to recruit participants for subsequent, advanced trainings, as well as encouraging them to invite guests to their post training.

By adding 60 seconds to this invasive procedure, Kahneman actually got participants to report the colonoscopy as more pleasant.

The criminal charges filed against the participants in this robbery include: Aggravated Robbery, Aggravated Robbery of Federally Insured Bank Funds, Armed Robbery, and Conspiracy to Interfere With Commerce By Robbery.

By requiring students to develop business proposals that are later judged by Seattle-area small business owners, the Social Venture Competition develops participants ' entrepreneurial skills.

By 2007 the association had welcomed new participants from Dundee, Perth and Stirling to join existing leagues, held its first formal national championships, trained over 150 referees and won the tender to host the 2011 World Cup in Edinburgh.

By using stress tests it is possible to evaluate the short term effects of events such as bank failures or technical communication breakdowns that lead to the inability of chosen participants to send payments.

By 2003 the Association had over 100 members, including its first international participants.

By meeting the challenge of Philmont, participants are considered to be worthy of awards.

Pavement, Yo La Tengo, the New Pornographers, Ted Leo & The Pharmacists, Guided By Voices, Kurt Vile, Cold Cave, Fucked Up, Liz Phair, Shearwater, Superchunk, Come, Times New Viking, Belle & Sebastian, Cat Power, Chavez, Perfume Genius, Harlem, and Guitar Wolf were amongst the participants.

By linking all the market participants through internet connections, price changes are disseminated instantly as they occur.

By December 11, the number of participants had reached almost 3, 000.

By " working the ticket ", participants put their newly gained experience into practice to attain ticket goals aiding the Scouting movement.

By summer 1978 the level of protest had been at a steady state for four months – about ten thousand participants in each major city ( with the exception of Isfahan where protests were larger and Tehran where they were smaller ).