By one estimate, it has the fourth highest gross national income at purchasing power parity in Africa, giving it a standard of living around that of Mexico and Turkey.

By summer 1825, Allan celebrated his expansive wealth by purchasing a two-story brick home named Moldavia.

By the 16th century, the Dutch East India Company established a replenishing station at Table Bay for restocking water and purchasing meat from the Khoikhoi.

By purchasing green electricity it is possible to operate electric boats using sustainable or renewable energy.

By purchasing the Union Parisienne Bank ( which was traditionally associated with heavy industry ) he was better able to control financing arrangements.

By this time, servitude to the Lord of the Manor was merely token, discharged on purchasing the copyhold by payment of a " fine in respite of fealty ".

By the mid 1980s through to the 1990s, the university looked to expand with new buildings on the Highfield campus, developing the Chilworth Manor site into a science park and conference venue, opening the National Oceanography Centre at a dockside location and purchasing new land from the City Council for the Arts Faculty and sports fields ( at Avenue Campus and Wide Lane, respectively ).

By the 14th century the castle was purchasing goods from across western Europe, with wine being imported from France, venison from parks as far away as Northamptonshire and spices from the Far East through London-based merchants.

By 1975, Nordstrom expanded into Alaska ( the only time by acquisition ) by purchasing Northern Commercial Company and opened its first Nordstrom Rack clearance store in Seattle.

By the early 2000s, the Republic had become the second richest ( in terms of GDP per capita, adjusted for purchasing power parity ) member of the European Union, had moved from being a net recipient of EU funds to a net contributor, and from a position of net emigration to one of net imigration.

By 1979, Saudi weapon purchases from the United States were in excess of five times the amount that Israel was purchasing annually.

By purchasing the mortgages, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac provide banks and other financial institutions with fresh money to make new loans.

By the Alexandra Park and Palace ( Public Purposes ) Act 1900, a charitable trust was set up ; representatives of the purchasing local authorities became the trustees with the duty to keep both palace and park " available for the free use and recreation of the public forever ".

By the following year negotiations into purchasing the rest of the remaining railway had proven successful and the group were able to buy it for a mere £ 75, 000 (£ as of ),.

By requiring this standard purchasing process through policy, the organization can limit waste and standardize the way purchasing is done.

By early 2001, Indigo had been successful in purchasing Chapters, but kept both the Chapters and Indigo brands ; subsequently a number of Chapters stores near Indigo locations were closed.

By December all four had spent the bulk of their remaining cash in purchasing plots of land.

* By purchasing a " trip pass " valid for a single one-way trip on EastLink from ConnectEast either over the telephone, via the EastLink website, or from a retail outlet.

By 1942 The Lutheran Hour was receiving more mail than the well-known Amos ‘ n Andy radio program, and The Old Fashioned Revival Hour was the largest program on the Mutual Broadcasting System, purchasing 50 % more airtime than the next largest secular broadcaster.

By 1883, Allison had sold his ranch and moved to Pope's Wells, purchasing another ranch near the Pecos River crossing of the Texas-New Mexico line ( this was a landmark on the Goodnight-Loving Trail ), 50 miles northwest of Pecos, Texas.

By purchasing relatively small companies in a variety of industries, he reasoned, he could also avoid any concerns by the Federal Trade Commission that he was forming a monopoly.

By May 2004, Volkswagen Group had concentrated its strengths in the founding of Volkswagen Group China ( VGC ), which is governed by a six-member management team responsible for the areas of sales and marketing, technology, purchasing, personnel and governmental relations as well as finance.

By 1819 he was traveling to Montreal and Quebec, purchasing supplies for Wright.

By law, these cable systems were restricted to the relay of the public broadcast channels, which meant that as the transmitter network became more comprehensive, the incentive to subscribe to cable was reduced and they began to lose customers.

By the late forties, radio stations broadcast music described as " hillbilly ," originally to describe fiddlers and string bands, but was then used to describe the traditional music of the people of the Appalachian Mountains.

By the 26 July, the Potsdam Declaration had been broadcast to Japan, threatening total destruction unless the Imperial Japanese government submitted to unconditional surrender.

By the early 1990s it was running two nights a week and it was broadcast for 35 weeks a year.

By 1976, 60 Minutes became the top-rated show on Sunday nights in the U. S. By 1979, it had achieved the number-one Nielsen rating for all television programs, unheard of before for a news broadcast in prime time.

By the end of the 1940s the number of languages broadcast had expanded and reception had improved following the opening of a relay in modern day Malaysia and of the Limassol relay, Cyprus, in 1957.

By default they use a Carrier sensing mechanism called ' exponential backoff ', or ( Distributed coordination function ) that relies upon a station attempting to ' listen ' for another station's broadcast before sending.

By 2006, there were independently produced versions, or " co-productions ", of Sesame Street broadcast in twenty countries.

By its 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was broadcast in over 120 countries, and 20 international versions had been produced.

By the show's 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was broadcast in more than 140 countries.

By then, the economic pressures of the Depression as well as the in-house pressure to reduce expenditures, and possibly the academic background of the parent body in Oxford, combined to make OUP's primary musical business that of publishing works intended for formal musical education and for music appreciation −− again the influence of broadcast and recording.

By the early 1970s they had developed a 2-channel recorder, and in 1972 they deployed a digital audio transmission system that linked their broadcast center to their remote transmitters.

In 2007, the label celebrated its 60th anniversary with the May 2 PBS broadcast of the American Masters documentary Atlantic Records: The House that Ahmet Built and the simultaneous Starbucks CD release of Atlantic 60th Anniversary: R & B Classics Chosen By Ahmet Ertegun.

By 1935 a hard wired cable-based radio network was later deployed throughout the country to broadcast the Rediffusion service directly from London to homes and business across Barbados.

By the early 1980s, it had become easier for stations to record and relay messages from a primary station, and the risk of hostile bombers using broadcast signals to navigate lessened due to the development of ICBMs.

By slowly changing the frequency of the carrier broadcast from the station and comparing this with the phase of the signal being returned, ground control could measure the distance to the vehicle very accurately.

By definition, switches may not bridge IP traffic between VLANs as it would violate the integrity of the VLAN broadcast domain.

By 1928, Cadman had a weekly Sunday afternoon radio broadcast on the NBC radio network, his powerful oratory reaching a nationwide audience of five million persons.

By November 1960, The Twilight Zones second season had already broadcast five episodes and finished filming sixteen.

By November 1960, The Twilight Zones second season had already broadcast five episodes and finished filming sixteen.

By November 1960, 16 episodes, more than half of the projected 29, were already filmed, and five of those had been broadcast.

By November 1960, 16 episodes, more than half of the projected 29, were already filmed, and five of those had been broadcast.

By comparing the phase of the received signal with the one being broadcast omnidirectionally, the angle can be determined using simple electronics.