By the 1230s, Constantinople-even with its drastically reduced population-was facing a major shortage of basic foodstuffs.

By extending this help, we hope to make possible the enthusiastic enrollment of these nations under freedom's banner.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By springtime, he was supported by a rich merchant syndicate under the patronage of Henry, Prince of Wales.

By means of charts showing wave-travel times and depths in the ocean at various locations, it is possible to estimate the rate of approach and probable time of arrival at Hawaii of a tsunami getting under way at any spot in the Pacific.

By the time he reached the edge of the pit he was panting and his shoulder and back ached under the drag of the dead weight.

By force, he took under his protection, or stole, 900,000 square miles of wilderness in Central Africa.

By his patron Canova was placed under Bernardi, or, as he is generally called by filiation, Giuseppe Torretto, a sculptor of considerable eminence, who had taken up a temporary residence at Pagnano, one of Asolo's boroughs

By 150 BC, Assyria was under the control of the Parthian Empire as Athura ( the Parthian word for Assyria ) where the Assyrian city of Ashur seems to have gained a degree of autonomy, and temples to the native gods of Assyria were resurrected.

By this point Apple had a wide variety of communications products under development, and many of these were announced along with AppleTalk Phase II.

By the 5th century AD, Rome was in decline and the Roman predecessor town of Alicante, known as Lucentum ( Latin ), was more or less under the control of the Visigothic warlord Theudimer.

By contrast, while defendants in most civil law systems can be compelled to give a statement, this statement is not subject to cross-examination by the prosecutor and not given under oath.

By 667, the Afghan area was under invasion by the Arabs but in 683 Kabul revolted and completely routed the invading army which was led by the Governor of Seistan.

By 1760, the Maratha groups had coalesced into a big enough army under the command of Sadashivrao Bhau.

By now Blenheim was under assault from every side by three English generals: Cutts, Churchill, and Orkney.

By the Treaty of Ilbersheim, signed 7 November 1704, Bavaria was placed under Austrian military rule, allowing the Habsburgs to utilise its resources for the rest of the conflict.

By 18: 00, the British fleet was again under full sail, Vanguard sixth in the line of ten ships as Culloden trailed behind to the north, and Alexander and Swiftsure hastened to catch up to the west.

By the autumn of 1855, the royal apartments were ready, though the tower was still under construction and the servants had to be lodged in the old house.

By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large parts of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule.

By the well ordering principle, if there are positive integers that satisfy a given property, then there is a smallest positive integer that satisfies that property ; therefore, there is a smallest positive integer satisfying the property " not definable in under eleven words ".

By early 1973, inflation had risen 800 % under Allende's presidency.

By the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire was driven out of Hungary, and Austria brought the empire under central control.

By mid-1815 a large Spanish expeditionary force under Pablo Morillo had arrived in New Granada.

By regulating the processing parameters — especially the gases introduced, but also including the pressure the system is operated under, the temperature of the diamond, and the method of generating plasma — many different materials that can be considered diamond can be made.

By supporting the efforts of the many faculty members who are working to attain ever higher standards, the president can encourage faculty leadership.

By the 6th century AD there is evidence of the foundation of a Bavarian stem duchy whose leadership was related to the ruling Frankish ( and possibly Alemannic / Swabian ) houses.

By mid-1997 the government signed peace deals with FARF and the MDD leadership and succeeded in cutting off the groups from their rear bases in the Central African Republic and Cameroon.

By that time, the college leadership had begun a search for alternate locations that were closer to urban areas.

By this time the " New " Labour Party was seen as a reformed and fresh alternative under the leadership of Tony Blair, and after eighteen years in office the Conservatives lost the 1997 general election in one of the worst electoral defeats since the Great Reform Act of 1832.

By far the largest of these is " mainstream Mormonism ", defined by the leadership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ).

By 1926, Stalin-Bukharin alliance ousted Zinoviev and Kamenev from the Party leadership, and Bukharin enjoyed the highest degree of power during the 1926-1928 period.

By means of the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, Romania recovered Bessarabia and northern Bukovina from the Soviet Russia, under the leadership of general Ion Antonescu.

By January 1837, an alliance of 107 Boers, sixty Rolong, and forty Coloured men, organised as a commando under the leadership of Potgieter and Gert Maritz, attacked Mzilikazi's settlement at Mosega, which suffered heavy losses, and early in 1838 Mzilikazi fled north beyond the Limpopo ( to current day Zimbabwe ), never to return to the Transvaal.

By 1987, 31 % of the executive positions in the Sandinista government, 27 % of the leadership positions of the FSLN, and 25 % of the FSLN's active membership were women.

By the early 1980s there was no clear neoconservative in the Tory leadership cadre, but Brian Mulroney, who became leader in 1983, eventually came to adopt many policies from the Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan governments.

By 1560 the leadership of the Oda clan had passed to the brilliant leader Oda Nobunaga.

By November 1941, it was becoming known in the upper reaches of the Nazi leadership and government offices that Hitler intended all the Jews of Europe to be deported to the eastern territories and executed by whatever means.

By 1971, diverging interests between the civilian and military wings of the leadership were apparent.

By agreement, Hitler was given the political leadership of several Bavarian " patriotic associations " ( revanchist ) which collectively were known as the Kampfbund.

By adding a second fixed-point unit, a second floating point unit, and other performance enhancements to the design, the POWER2 had leadership performance when it was announced in November 1993.

By late 1982, Joe Clark's leadership of the Progressive Conservatives was being questioned in many party circles and among many Tory members of Parliament, despite his solid national lead over Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in opinion polls, which stretched to 19 percent in summer 1982.

By this, he probably wished to assert his authority over the entire peninsula and his absolute leadership of the Reconquista.

By the time the Yongle Emperor died in 1424 the Vietnamese rebels under Lê Lợi's leadership had captured nearly the entire province.

By the late-1960s, Hồ's position within the Vietnamese leadership had been considerably weakened due to his declining health.

By July 1974, the Vietnamese leadership had decided to set the victory year to 1975, instead of 1976 as originally planned, because they believed an earlier Vietnamese unification would put Vietnam in a stronger position against Chinese and Soviet influence in the region.

By the end of the decade, Fania Records ' longtime leadership of salsa was weakened by the arrival of the labels TH-Rodven and RMM.

By 1940, an affiliate of the American Federation of Labor had successfully organized Hershey's workers under the leadership of John Shearer, who became the first President of Local Chapter Number 464 of the Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers, and Grain Millers Union.

By autumn 1915 Asquith ’ s Coalition was close to breaking up over conscription, and in the absence of firm leadership ad hoc campaigns had developed in Sinai, Gallipoli, Mesopotamia and Salonika.

By the account of Irving Hexham, according to Klaus Venter and Hendrick Stoker who were themselves disgruntled members of the secret organization, in 1927 the Broederbond moved to Potchefstroom University, asking that the school would take over leadership of the then-struggling group.