By the early 1840s, instructions for crochet were being published in England, particularly by Eleanor Riego de la Blanchardiere and Frances Lambert.

By the 1840s, the ACS was effectively bankrupt ; Liberia had become a financial burden for it.

By the 1840s, Pittsburgh was one of the largest cities west of the Allegheny Mountains.

By the 1860s it was apparent that wood sourced from some condemned slave ships ( possibly a Brazilian ship ) from the 1840s were infested by termites (“ white ants ”).

By the 1840s, India was no longer capable of supplying the vast quantities of cotton fibers needed by mechanized British factories, while shipping bulky, low-price cotton from India to Britain was time-consuming and expensive.

By the 1840s, however, large scale sheep ranches were exporting large quantities of wool to the textile mills of England.

By the 1840s, iron boxes were in use as well as wooden ones.

By the 1840s, some Hicksite Quakers determined to bring women and men together in the faith as an expression of their spiritual equality.

By the 1840s, the memory of Bolívar proved useful for the construction of a sense of nationhood.

By the 1840s, German settlers had overtaken the Mennonites as the dominant segment of the population.

By the 1840s other writers are using " Scots Law ", and this usage is now standard ( although not universal ) world-wide.

By the 1840s, Lynn's ill-health blunted his enthusiasm for Aintree.

By the 1840s, the camellia was at the height of its fashion as the luxury flower.

By the 1840s, she was an acknowledged part of the cultural life in Sweden and her writing was translated into many languages.

By the 1840s Whitechapel, along with the enclaves of Wapping, Aldgate, Bethnal Green, Mile End, Limehouse, Bow, Bromley-by-Bow, Poplar, Shadwell and Stepney ( collectively known today as " the East End "), had evolved, or devolved, into classic " Dickensian " London, with problems of poverty and overcrowding.

By the end of the 1840s he began to focus his energies on utopian communities.

By the 1840s, Methodist, Universalist and Presbyterian congregations had taken root.

By the 1840s, settlers were moving into the area, and several missionaries lived in and near " Peoria Village ".

By the late 1840s, however, tensions between the village of Mattapoisett and the town led to a battle which sought to redraw the town lines and effectively take over Sippican Village.

By the 1840s and 1850s, white settlers began hay, grain, and livestock operations in what became eastern Multnomah County.

By the 1840s, Pittsburgh had grown to one of the largest cities west of the Allegheny Mountains.

By the 1840s, some 2, 000 clocks were being completed each year.

By the 1840s, there were a number of proposals to build railways in the region, and the River Don Navigation Company acted to ensure they would remain in business.

By the 1840s, after New York, the port of New Orleans was the second largest importer of coffee.

By permitting freshman students we might extend the opportunity for such a course to some individuals who otherwise might never get to take it.

By 2000, all full-time, undergraduate Acadia students were taking part in the initiative.

By 2005, the university had established two 501 ( c )( 3 ) charitable organizations to provide scholarship assistance solely for minority students.

By the mid-1980s at least 500 courses in business ethics reached 40, 000 students, using some twenty textbooks and at least ten casebooks along supported by professional societies, centers and journals of business ethics.

By the time the building opened early in 1855, Desaga had made fifty of the burners for Bunsen's students.

By 2008, Dartmouth had graduated 238 classes of students and has over 60, 000 living alumni in a variety of fields.

By allowing parents and students to " vote with their feet ," they incentivize schools to increase accountability and school performance.

By employing students Telemann took away a major resource for Kuhnau's choir ( and church music in Leipzig in general ); Kuhnau was also concerned that students were too frequently performing in operas, leaving them with less time to devote to church music.

By placing parentheses around Pasadena City College, a nearby community college, Mudd students changed the sign to read:

By 1915, there were more than 60 students, mostly in residence.

By 1957 they were students in the Vagabond Class of 1958 at the nearby University High School, where again they were on the school's football team, the Warriors.

By challenging students ' current ideas, students can adjust their ideas to more closely resemble actual theories or concepts.

By using this method students gain the big idea they're taught and later are more willing to learn and keep the specifics of the concept or theory taught.

By 1921, small groups of Marxists existed in six Chinese cities: Shanghai, Peking, Changsha, Wuhan, Canton and Tsinan, with a further group having been founded by Chinese students in Paris.

By studying grassroots activism and the lived experiences of its participants, her high school students came to appreciate how African Americans worked to end Jim Crow laws in the 1950s.

By 1986, for the first time since World War II, women students outnumbered men.

By this definition, in a normal population, half of students are expected to perform above grade level and half the students below grade level, no matter how much or how little the students have learned.

By comparison, on a national level only about one-third of college students volunteer, according to the Corporation for National & Community Service.

By 1866 enrollment increased to 1, 205 students, many of whom were Civil War veterans.

By 1968, revolutionary political ideas had taken root in earnest among university students.