By the 1850s, slavery was still legal in the southern United States, but had been generally outlawed in the northern states, such as Illinois.

By the 1850s when they first came into sustained contact by outside groups, there were estimated 7, 000 Adamanese, divided into the following major groups:

By the 1850s, bunyip had also become a " synonym for imposter, pretender, humbug and the like " in the broader Australian community.

By the late 1850s, one of these mentions the term " French fried potatoes ".

By the 1850s, the East India Company controlled most of the Indian sub-continent, which included present-day Pakistan and Bangladesh.

By the 1850s, British and German missionaries and traders had penetrated present-day Namibia.

" By the 1850s, though, this meaning of ‘ broomstick ’ had fallen out of currency and references to ‘ broomstick marriages ’ began to be interpreted literally, as though they had involved a couple actually jumping over a stick.

By the 1850s, Arapaho bands had coalesced into two tribes: the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho.

By the 1850s, when a major covered bridge was constructed at Philippi to service travellers on the Beverly-Fairmont Turnpike, the County's population was approaching 10, 000 people.

By the 1850s, over 50 vessels a year were being launched from 15 shipyards and Essex became recognized worldwide as North America ’ s center for fishing schooner construction.

By the time that Charles Dickens visited Epsom Downs to view the race in the 1850s, entertainers such as musicians, clowns and conjurers plied their trades and entertained the crowds while others provided other forms of entertainment such as coconut stalls.

By the 1850s, the two-coin form was being played on the goldfields of the eastern colonies and it was spread across the country following subsequent goldrushes.

By the 1850s the Press was using steam-powered machine presses, employing two to three hundred people, and occupying several buildings in the Silver Street and Mill Lane area, including the one that the Press still occupies, the Pitt Building ( 1833 ), which was built specifically for the Press and in honour of William Pitt the Younger.

By the late 1850s, however, gold mining was beginning to decline and population dwindled as well.

By the 1850s, John Jefferson in his 20s was proprietor of the American Hotel in Madison.

By the 1850s several palatial steamboats were visiting the town as a regular stop on the Mobile to Columbus, Mississippi route along the Tombigbee.

By the early 1850s, the Sharp family had moved into the area from Walhalla, South Carolina.

By the late 1850s, the city had a population of around 20, 000.

By the 1850s, the population mix had changed to 28 percent “ Yankee ” and 48 percent German.

By the 1850s the town had 14 single-saw mills, 3 gang-saw ( multiple-saw ) mills, 4 clapboard mills, 4 lath mills, and 3 shingle mills.

By the 1850s, Lowell had the largest industrial complex in the United States.

By the 1850s, the rapid growth of the metropolitan area meant it became too large to efficiently operate as a single post town.

By the 1850s, the city of Campbell had several saloons, a drug store, many physicians, two to three general stores, and a post office.

By the 1850s, one of his ferries ran by steam.

By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.

By now Curt was seeing clearly again.

By her eighteenth birthday her bent for writing was so evident that Papa and Mamma gave her a Life Of Dickens as a spur to her aspiration.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

By our policy the West was -- is -- split.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women.

By late afternoon the train inched into the marshaling yards in the railhead at Lublin, which was filled with lines of cars poised to pour the tools of war to the Russian front.

By odd coincidence, on the evening of her return Shelley chose to read Parisina, which was the latest of the titled poet's successes.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By Nov. 8, 1958, weakness, specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature, was pronounced, and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs ''.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.