By the 1940s, the term commonly was capitalized, Negro, but by the mid 1960s it was considered disparaging.

By the late 1940s it was known that the properties of atomic nucleus could not be explained by the then-current models ( such as the liquid drop model developed by Niels Bohr amongst others ).

By the 1940s, it became clear that unit operations alone was insufficient in developing chemical reactors.

By the late 1930s and the 1940s, Italian Fascism completely denounced capitalism as an obsolete and oppressive system, Mussolini in 1940 at the entry of Italy into World War II, said:

By the 1940s the island had an airport ( just west of Puerto del Rosario on the road to Tindaya, still visible today ).

By the late 1940s, Oral Roberts was well known, and he continued with faith healing until the 1980s.

By the early 1940s the dance was known as " New Yorker " on the West Coast.

By the end of the 19th century, the economy began declining and by the 1940s, Malta's economy was in serious crisis.

) By the late 1940s, head coach Earle " Greasy " Neale and running back Steve Van Buren led the team to three consecutive NFL Championship Games, winning two of them in 1948 and 1949.

By the late 1940s the ' Type 10 ' was ready to be handed over to Philips ' subsidiary Johan de Witt in Dordrecht to be productionised and incorporated into a generator set as originally planned.

By this time home phonographs had become much more common, though it wasn't until the 1940s that console radio / phono set-ups with automatic record changers became more common.

By the late 1940s, he was the host.

By the 1940s, the spellings " hoagie " and, to a lesser extent, " hoagy " had come to dominate lesser user variations like " hoogie " and " hoggie ".

By the early 1940s, the British film industry began to combine documentary techniques with fictional stories in films like Noël Coward's In Which We Serve ( 1942 ), Millions Like Us ( 1943 ) and The Way Ahead ( 1944 ).

By its end, the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late 1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the beginning of the 1960s.

By the end of the 1940s the number of languages broadcast had expanded and reception had improved following the opening of a relay in modern day Malaysia and of the Limassol relay, Cyprus, in 1957.

By the mid 1940s, jazz artists were changing their approach.

By the early 1940s, however, Jesuit theologian John Courtney Murray perceived that the most important coming challenge was secularism, a challenge that could best be confronted by many faith communities working together.

By the 1940s, Tracy was one of the studio's top stars.

By the late 1940s, milk bars had evolved to include not only groceries, but also became places where young people could buy ready-made food, non-alcoholic drinks and socialise.

By the 1940s, it was a leading international popular entertainment.

By the 1940s, writing preferences had shifted towards stiffer nibs that could withstand the greater pressure required for writing through copy paper to create duplicate documents.

By this time, his approval ratings had dipped into the teens, and were at 11 % in a 1992 Gallup poll, making him one of the most unpopular prime ministers since opinion polling began in Canada in the 1940s.

By the 1940s, budget concerns and national trends made it clear that Louisville Girls High School and duPont Manual would merge into one coeducational school.

By the middle of the 1940s, three-quarters of the records produced in America went into jukeboxes.

By 1190 Alexios Angelos had returned to the court of his younger brother, from whom he received the elevated title of sebastokratōr.

By 6, Domitian's mother and sister had long died, while his father and brother were continuously active in the Roman military, commanding armies in Germania and Judaea.

By 1569, relations with the Habsburgs had deteriorated, and Elizabeth considered marriage to two French Valois princes in turn, first Henry, Duke of Anjou, and later, from 1572 to 1581, his brother Francis, Duke of Anjou, formerly Duke of Alençon.

By the time Aaron retired, he and his brother held the record for most career home runs by a pair of siblings ( 768 ).

By this time, Booth was arguing so vehemently with his older, pro-Union brother Edwin about Lincoln and the war that Edwin finally told him he was no longer welcome at his New York home.

By June he was back in Paris with his brother Antoine, who was resolving their father's affairs.

Having made Jacob a ruler over his brothers, Isaac could only promise, " By your sword you shall live, but your brother you shall serve ; yet it shall be that when you are aggrieved, you may cast off his yoke from upon your neck " ( 27: 39-40 ).

By acquiring the successful Balaban & Katz chain in 1926, he gained the services of Barney Balaban ( who would eventually become Paramount's president in 1936 ), his brother A. J. Balaban ( who would eventually supervise all stage production nationwide and produce talkie shorts ), and their partner Sam Katz ( who would run the Paramount-Publix theatre chain from New York City ).

By most accounts, the low-budget film shot on location in Arizona was a learning process for Peckinpah, who feuded with Fitzsimons ( brother of the film's star Maureen O ' Hara ) over the screenplay and staging of the scenes.

By the end of the battle, de Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his brother, future King Edward I, making de Montfort the " uncrowned king of England ".

" By this time, both Cicero and his brother had read De Rerum Natura, and so might have many other Romans.

In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dalí As Seen By His Sister.

By a twist of fate Rawdon dies weeks before his older brother, whose son has already died ; the baronetcy descends to Rawdon's son.

By the end of the following year, Alexandra's father had ascended the throne of Denmark, her brother George had become King of the Hellenes, her sister Dagmar was engaged to the Tsarevitch of Russia, and Alexandra had given birth to her first child.

By redeeming her brother, she also helps bring about the destruction of the Clone Emperor.

By 1805, he operated a warehouse in New Orleans to help disperse the goods smuggled by his brother Pierre Lafitte.

By the Salic law that Philip had reaffirmed in 1316, without a living male heir Philip was succeeded by his younger brother, Charles IV.

By her brother the river-god Inachus, she became the mother of Io, Phoroneus, Aegialeus or Phegeus, and Philodice.

By the time the group released their first album in 1986 the Parisian alternative music scene had taken flight, and Manu, his brother Antoine Chao, and friends such as Alain from Les Wampas formed Los Carayos to incorporate this sound with the rockabilly and punk styles of Hot Pants.

According to one account, she is the daughter of Ares and Aphrodite ; By yet another account, Harmonia was from Samothrace and was the daughter of Zeus and Electra, her brother Iasion being the founder of the mystic rites celebrated on the island.

By way of explaining Brian's variable input, Carl Wilson told Musician magazine in 1981 that his brother had become seriously addicted to cocaine during this period.

By 11 December, King Edward had abdicated in favour of his younger brother, Prince Albert, Duke of York, who was thereafter known as George VI.

By the time they reached Nova Scotia, they were barely on speaking terms, and it was arranged for Fox's brother Darrell, then 17, to join them as a buffer.

By age 13 in 1878 after receiving a few years of local schooling, Sun went to live with his elder brother, Sun Mei ( 孫眉 ) in Honolulu.

By the time he was born, he already had an older brother Sun Dezhang ( 孫德彰 ), an older sister Sun Jinxing ( 孫金星 ) who died at the early age of 4.