By the 1960s the school was building a vast publishing and research network reaching across France, Europe, and the rest of the world.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By the late 1960s he had started to become interested in scientific areas outside of mathematics.

By the 1940s, the term commonly was capitalized, Negro, but by the mid 1960s it was considered disparaging.

By the 1960s, as VFL clubs increasingly recruited the best players from other states, they began to dominate the competition and the last match was played in 1976, with North Adelaide being the last non-Victorian winner in 1972.

By the 1960s, more citizens worked in service industries or for the canton-level government than in manufacturing.

By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965 – 1966 it was cleaned through bleaching.

By the late 1960s, the area of LAFTA had a population of 220 million and produced about $ 90 billion of goods and services annually.

By the early 1960s, US research on the Nike Zeus missile system had developed to the point where small improvements would allow it to be used as the basis of a " real " ABM system.

By the mid 1960s, binary addressing had become the standard architecture in most computer designs, and main memory sizes were most commonly powers of two.

By the 1960s, " the Big Apple " was known only as an old name for New York.

By the 1960s NATO had adopted the 5. 56 NATO cartridge.

By the 1960s, college cheerleaders began hosting workshops across the nation, teaching fundamental cheer skills to high-school-age girls.

" By 1967, critics were suggesting that the programme no longer reflected life in 1960s Britain, but reflected how life was in the 1950s.

By the end of the 1960s, admission to CUNY's flagship City College had become highly competitive.

By the late 1960s, the sexual revolution of the baby boomer generation had refocused public attitudes about sex.

By the 1960s – 1970s quantum electrochemistry was developed by Revaz Dogonadze and his pupils.

By the late 1960s, Humble officials realized that the time had come to develop a new brand name that could be used nationwide.

By the 1960s science fiction was combining sensationalism with political and technological critiques of society.

By the 1960s, motor vehicles were being restricted or banned from crossing the border, while only Spanish nationals employed on the Rock being allowed to enter Gibraltar.

By the 1960s, TV series, such as The Addams Family and The Munsters, used these stereotypes for camp comedy.

By the 1960s, the Hammond became popular with pop groups and was used on the British pirate station Radio 390.

By the 1960s, however, the quantitative revolution lead to strong criticism of regional geography.

By then the textile industry had started its decline ; only one factory, Veneta, managed to continue into the 1960s, when it also had to close its doors.

By the mid 1960s, Viola Spolin's classes were handed over to her protégé, Jo Forsberg, who further developed Spolin's methods into a one-year course, which eventually became The Players Workshop, the first official school of improvisation in the USA.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

`` By one fell swoop the Court now finds that Congress indulged in needless legislation in the acts of 1910, 1913, 1925, 1934 and 1937.

By these measures, Congress, so the Court ( in effect ) now decides, gave not only needless but inadequate relief, since it now appears that the federal courts have inherent power to sterilize the Act of 1875 against all proceedings challenging local regulation ''.

By tradition, when the Justices are in conference deliberating the outcome of cases before the Court, the justices state their views in order of seniority.

By virtue of practice directions issued under section 75 ( 1 ) of the Supreme Court Act 1981, an indictment must be tried by a High Court judge, a Circuit judge or a recorder ( which of these it is depends on the offence ).

By 1997, the phrase had entered the legal lexicon as seen in an opinion by Supreme Court of the United States Justice John Paul Stevens, ' An example of " junk science " that should be excluded under the Daubert standard as too unreliable would be the testimony of a phrenologist who would purport to prove a defendant ’ s future dangerousness based on the contours of the defendant ’ s skull.

By 2000, the most notable instance was New Zealand, whose Prime Minister, senior politicians, Chief Justice and Court of Appeal judges were conventionally made Privy Counsellors.

By 1968 all forms of segregation had been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, and by 1970 support for formal legal segregation had dissolved.

* The Constitution Of The United States Of America Analysis And Interpretation Analysis Of Cases Decided By The Supreme Court Of The United States To June 28, 2002, United States Senate doc.

By permitting the publication of Fanny Hill, the U. S. Supreme Court set the bar for any ban so high that Rembar himself called the 1966 decision " the end of obscenity ".

By the beginning of 1839 Richard Wagner was employed as a conductor at the Court Theatre in Riga.

By the conditions of the peace treaty, the Northern Court and the Southern Court were supposed to alternate control of the throne.

By this time, by current French court standards Hampton Court appeared old-fashioned.

By 1806 the owner of Vlissingen asked to be exempted from the responsibility of maintaining the road which is now called Camp Street, but the Court refused the request.

By removing the jurisdiction of federal courts, including the Supreme Court, from cases involving the Pledge, this legislation sets a dangerous precedent: threatening religious liberty, compromising the vital system of checks and balances upon which our government was founded, and granting Congress the authority to strip the courts ' jurisdiction on any issue it wishes.

" By this time, Leavitt Thaxter had taken on the role, described in an act passed by the General Court of Massachusetts, as " guardian of the Indians and people of color resident at Chappequiddic and Indiantown in the County of Dukes County.

By 2001, all 58 counties had consolidated their courts into a single Superior Court.

By the beginning of the 16th century the town extended along the west bank of the Thames from Friday Street in the south to the Manor, now Phyllis Court, in the north and took in Hart Street and New Street.

By this time, the Blow family had relocated to Missouri and become opponents of slavery, granting the Scotts emancipation by Henry Taylor Blow on May 26, 1857, less than three months after the Supreme Court ruling. Scott went to work as a porter in St. Louis for nearly 17 months before he died from tuberculosis in September 1858.

By December 8, 2000, there had been multiple court decisions regarding the presidential election in Florida and on that date the Florida Supreme Court, by a 4-3 vote, ordered a statewide manual recount.