By the 1960s the school was building a vast publishing and research network reaching across France, Europe, and the rest of the world.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By the late 1960s he had started to become interested in scientific areas outside of mathematics.

By the 1940s, the term commonly was capitalized, Negro, but by the mid 1960s it was considered disparaging.

By the 1960s, as VFL clubs increasingly recruited the best players from other states, they began to dominate the competition and the last match was played in 1976, with North Adelaide being the last non-Victorian winner in 1972.

By the 1960s, more citizens worked in service industries or for the canton-level government than in manufacturing.

By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965 – 1966 it was cleaned through bleaching.

By the late 1960s, the area of LAFTA had a population of 220 million and produced about $ 90 billion of goods and services annually.

By the early 1960s, US research on the Nike Zeus missile system had developed to the point where small improvements would allow it to be used as the basis of a " real " ABM system.

By the mid 1960s, binary addressing had become the standard architecture in most computer designs, and main memory sizes were most commonly powers of two.

By the 1960s, " the Big Apple " was known only as an old name for New York.

By the 1960s NATO had adopted the 5. 56 NATO cartridge.

By the 1960s, college cheerleaders began hosting workshops across the nation, teaching fundamental cheer skills to high-school-age girls.

" By 1967, critics were suggesting that the programme no longer reflected life in 1960s Britain, but reflected how life was in the 1950s.

By the end of the 1960s, admission to CUNY's flagship City College had become highly competitive.

By the late 1960s, the sexual revolution of the baby boomer generation had refocused public attitudes about sex.

By the 1960s – 1970s quantum electrochemistry was developed by Revaz Dogonadze and his pupils.

By the late 1960s, Humble officials realized that the time had come to develop a new brand name that could be used nationwide.

By the 1960s science fiction was combining sensationalism with political and technological critiques of society.

By the 1960s, motor vehicles were being restricted or banned from crossing the border, while only Spanish nationals employed on the Rock being allowed to enter Gibraltar.

By the 1960s, TV series, such as The Addams Family and The Munsters, used these stereotypes for camp comedy.

By the 1960s, the Hammond became popular with pop groups and was used on the British pirate station Radio 390.

By the 1960s, however, the quantitative revolution lead to strong criticism of regional geography.

By then the textile industry had started its decline ; only one factory, Veneta, managed to continue into the 1960s, when it also had to close its doors.

By the mid 1960s, Viola Spolin's classes were handed over to her protégé, Jo Forsberg, who further developed Spolin's methods into a one-year course, which eventually became The Players Workshop, the first official school of improvisation in the USA.

By using custom formatting and load / save routines ( sometimes included in third-party DOSes, see below ), all of the mechanically possible 40 tracks could be used.

By reducing the number of tracks used ( and thus the capacity ), Commodore could further reduce cost-in contrast to the double-density drives used e. g. in IBM PCs of the day which saved 180 KB on one side ( by using a 40-track format ).

By 1983 Bevan was expressing a desire to join Black Sabbath permanently and Lynne and Tandy were recording tracks for the Electric Dreams soundtrack under Jeff Lynne's name.

By moving the laser head, it is possible to stack the tracks and build up a 3D piece.

By 2005 it became obvious Relatable's fingerprinting solution didn't scale well to the millions of tracks in the database and the search for a viable replacement began.

By the late 1960s, the Nordschleife and many other tracks were becoming increasingly dangerous for the latest generation of F1 cars.

By taking careful stride and track-size measurements, one can usually determine what species of animal created a set of tracks, even when individual track details are vague or obscured.

By June 15 the same year, the tracks were made available for free on Alfa Matrix's site in medium and high bit-rate MP3s, WAV, FLAC, and M4A formats.

The Ampex reel-to-reel tape version of The Beatles, released in 1970 after Capitol / EMI ceased manufacturing of pre-recorded reel tapes in North America, featured eight tracks in edited form: " Dear Prudence ", " Glass Onion ", " Don't Pass Me By ", " Why Don't We Do It In The Road ?".

By the mid-1930s, the Metropolitan line was suffering from congestion caused by the limited capacity of its tracks between Baker Street and Finchley Road stations.

* Time Flies ( album ) ( 1995 ) This Liquid Disc Records 2 CD Box set contains all of Vector ’ s first three albums: Mannequin Virtue, Please Stand By, and Simple Experience, plus five previously unavailable bonus tracks

By 1875, the North Pacific Coast Railroad set its tracks through Corte Madera, allowing flatcars to haul lumber, and later, passenger trains to service commuters to and from San Francisco, aided in its early stages by the Sausalito ferry.

By the end of 1942, the tracks had been removed for the World War II war effort.

By the early twentieth century, as the town's population continued to grow, the Florida East Coast Railroad constructed tracks en route to Miami bisecting Deerfield.

By the late 19th century, the area was privileged with stops along a train route, and by the early 20th century with its own trolley tracks on the line connecting Georgetown and Rockville ( along current-day Fleming Avenue ).

Originally, the community was called " Mud Creek " after the creek that flows through the community and that the railroad tracks crossed ; the Ojibwe population in the area, though, called the creek Basa ' igani-ziibiwishenh (" Creek to square Ceder Timbers "), thus call the community Basa ' igani-ziibiwishenying (" By the Creek to square Ceder Timbers ").

By treating the sounds with echo and filtering they used the drum machine to record rhythm tracks for their second album.

By 1872 the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway ( MK & T ) began building tracks through the area.

By 1895, the Kansas City, Pittsburg and Gulf Railroad ( later known as the Kansas City Southern Railway ) laid tracks through the area, the Kedron post office moved closer to the railroad and a marble quarry, and was renamed as Marble.

By 1908 the Orient had built their tracks through the village.

Portions of the movie Stand By Me were filmed along the railroad tracks east of Cottage Grove, which are now the Row River National Recreation Trail, a bicycle and walking trail.

By 1875, new, narrower gauge tracks constituted the old route, and the following year tracks were laid between Yorkville and the new mill town of Gastonia.

By the time the Kansas Pacific Railroad laid its tracks west through Manhattan in 1866, the 11-year-old settlement was permanently ensconced in the tallgrass prairie.