By the 1970s the shift was underway from the earlier economic history to cultural history and the history of mentalities.

By the 1970s the government adopted a policy of keeping employment artificially high in the declining industry.

By the 1970s the Museum was again expanding.

By the 1970s the area was notorious for street robberies and drug dealing.

By the mid-1950s the system was being used in at least sixty British libraries and in a hundred by the 1970s.

By the mid 1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born again movement.

By 1968, the design had reached the one known today, and has been used continuously from this year, apart from a period in the 1970s when the just the letters CAFC appeared on the team's shirts.

By 1982 the stagnation of the Soviet economy was obvious, as evidenced by the fact that the Soviet Union had been importing grain from the U. S. throughout the 1970s, but the system was so firmly entrenched that any real change seemed impossible.

By the late 1970s, two and a half million British homes received their television service via cable.

By the early 1970s electronic pocket calculators ended manufacture of mechanical calculators, although the Curta remains a popular collectable item.

By the late 1970s, RCA decided to remove Atkins from his producing duties and replace him with younger men.

By the late 1970s, a strong anti-disco sentiment developed among rock fans and musicians, particularly in the United States.

By the late 1970s, melodrama was nearly finished as an overt genre, as the hunger for realism dominated film in groundbreaking movies like Martin Scorsese's Mean Streets.

By the late 1970s the good times were over for both downtown and local businesses and industries.

By the late 1970s, the EPLF had become the dominant armed Eritrean group fighting against the Ethiopian Government, and Isaias Afewerki had emerged as its leader.

During the late 1970s he acquired a large public audience as a critic of the then Labour government's disregard of civil liberties ; his writings from this time are collected in Writing By Candlelight ( 1980 ).

By the 1960s – 1970s quantum electrochemistry was developed by Revaz Dogonadze and his pupils.

By the late 1970s, these had achieved only mixed results due to flaws in the planning process as well as inadequate funding and a shortage of the skilled managers and technicians needed for implementation.

By the early 1970s, the picture changed: software costs were dramatically increasing, a growing software industry was competing with the hardware manufacturer's bundled software products ( free in that the cost was included in the hardware cost ), leased machines required software support while providing no revenue for software, and some customers able to better meet their own needs did not want the costs of " free " software bundled with hardware product costs.

By the late 1970s, many companies around the world ( but especially Japan ), entered the fax market.

By the early 1970s there were 22 associations with women's sections in the FIH and 36 associations in the IFWHA.

By the mid 1970s, there were enough media zines being published that adzines existed just to advertise all of the other zines available.

By the 1970s the science fiction community was confronting questions of feminism and sexism within science fiction culture itself.

By the 1970s and 1980s, true female heroes started to emerge on the pages of comics.

By a probably euphonic inversion the translator of Irenaeus and the other Latin authors have Abraxas, which is found in the magical papyri, and even, though most sparingly, on engraved stones.

B. Morton as authors of the Daily Express column " By the Way " in the period 1919 – 1975.

By arguing that films had auteurs, or authors, Truffaut sought to make films ( and their directors ) at least as important as the more widely-accepted art forms, such as literature, music, and painting.

" By exchanging limited exclusive rights for disclosure of inventions and creative works, society and the patentee / copyright owner mutually benefit, and an incentive is created for inventors and authors to create and disclose their work.

The authors call this concept a ‘ conduit metaphor .’ By this they meant that a speaker can put ideas or objects into words or containers, and then send them along a channel, or conduit, to a listener who takes that idea or object out of the container and makes meaning of it.

By implication, it was part of the vast Hercynian Forest belt mentioned by several authors of the antiquity.

By the 1980s there appeared fiction written by Southern authors who themselves claimed a redneck or white trash origins, such as Harry Crews, Dorothy Allison, Larry Brown, and Tim McLaurin .. Autobiographies sometimes mention white trash origins.

By extending the baseline United States copyright term, Congress sought to ensure that American authors would receive the same copyright protection in Europe as their European counterparts.

By the 1830s, the foundations of Czech literature were laid and authors now began to focus more on the artistic merits of their work and less on developing the idea of Czech literature and culture as a whole.

By patching the memory tables or injecting directly into memory, this technique can be used by malware authors who are looking to bypass Windows UAC ( User Account Control ).

By the end of their studies, they would be quite familiar with the great Latin authors, drama and rhetoric.

By the end of the 19th century the scholarly consensus was that the Pentateuch was the work of many authors writing from 1000 BCE ( the time of David ) to 500 BCE ( the time of Ezra ) and redacted c. 450, and as a consequence whatever history it contained was more often polemical than strictly factual – a conclusion reinforced by the then fresh scientific refutations of what were at the time widely classed as biblical mythologies, as discussed above.

By using a fictional country instead of a real one, authors can exercise greater freedom in creating characters, events, and settings, while at the same time presenting a vaguely familiar locale that readers can recognize.

By 1660, at which point the atlas bore the appropriate name " Atlas Major ", there were 11 volumes, containing the work of about a hundred credited authors and engravers.

By the 1930s, there were British authors ( such as Eric Frank Russell ) who were intentionally writing " science fiction " for American publication.

By 1908 he was representing such authors as Jack London and H. G. Wells.

By simply placing the icons in sequence and adjusting their properties, authors could instantly see the structure of program they were creating and, most importantly, run it to see what learners would see.

By the end of the 1930s the topology was well established and had been described by various authors including Offner ( 1937 ), Schmitt ( 1937 ) and Toennies ( 1938 ) and It was particularly used for detection and measurement of physiological impulses.

By the time of Pope, however, the mock-heroic was giving ground to narrative parody, and authors such as Fielding led the mock-heroic novel into a more general novel of parody.

* Death By Dickens ( 2004, short stories by various authors )

By 1860s, Quebec authors were able to acquire a certain autonomy.

By the end of the decade, the government had stepped up efforts to keep Czechoslovak authors from publishing abroad.

By the 1920s it had in addition to the previously mentioned authors a literary list that included Anthony Hope, G. K. Chesterton, Henry James, D. H. Lawrence, T. S. Eliot, Ruth Manning-Sanders and The Arden Shakespeare series.

By 1929, Breton definitively condemned Desnos, who in turn joined Georges Bataille and Documents, as one of the authors to sign Un Cadavre ( A cadaver ) attacking " le boeuf Breton " ( the ox Breton ).