By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By 1840 there were still only ten colonial bishops for the Church of England ; but even this small beginning greatly facilitated the growth of Anglicanism around the world.

By the beginning of the 8th century, these kingdoms had either been conquered by Nicene neighbors ( Ostrogoths, Vandals, Burgundians ) or their rulers had accepted Nicene Christianity ( Visigoths, Lombards ).

By the beginning of 1204, Isaac II and Alexios IV had inspired little confidence among the people of Constantinople in their efforts to defend the city from the Latins and Venetians, who were restless and rioted when the money and aid promised by Alexios IV was not forthcoming.

By the beginning of World War II, many towns and cities had built space, and there were numerous qualified pilots available.

By the 1950s, the development of civil jets grew, beginning with the de Havilland Comet, though the first widely-used passenger jet was the Boeing 707, because it was much more economical than other planes at the time.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, Steiner's interests turned to explicitly spiritual areas of research.

By the time the Gospels of Luke and Matthew were written, Jesus is portrayed as being the Son of God from the time of birth, and finally the Gospel of John portrays him as the pre-existent Word () as existing " in the beginning ".

By a 20th-century classification, the idealists ( Kant, Hegel and others ), are considered the beginning of continental philosophy, while the empiricists are the beginning, or the immediate predecessors, of analytical philosophy.

By the mid-1990s, however, companies were beginning to ask what the return was on the investment they had made in this loosely controlled PC software buying spree.

By the end of Judges the Israelites are in a worse condition than they were at the beginning, with Yahweh's treasures used to make idolatrous images, the Levites ( priests ) corrupted, the tribe of Dan conquering a remote village instead of the Canaanite cities, and the tribes of Israel making war on the Benjamites, their own brothers.

By the late 19th century, as a result of the faster shipping, expanding fishery and industrialization of the island, exchanges of people between the island of Newfoundland and Cape Breton increased beginning a cultural exchange that continues to this day.

By early 2000 there had been the beginning of an economic recovery, with the export sector leading the way, as it enjoyed the benefit of the more competitive exchange rate, as well as strong prices for petroleum, Colombia's leading export product.

By the 19th century, the season for celery had been extended, to last from the beginning of September to late in April.

By the beginning of the Warring States, progress in astronomy and mathematics allowed the creation of calculated calendars ( where intercalary months and days are set by a rule, and not arbitrarily ).

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Royal Society in England was discussing the practice of inoculation, and the smallpox epidemic in 1713 spurred further interest.

By the beginning of 1984, quarterly sales of the ColecoVision had dramatically decreased.

By the beginning of the 19th century, government policy on both sides of the Atlantic began to change, reflecting the growing popularity of the proposition that corporations were riding the economic wave of the future.

By the beginning of August 1524, they had received the requisite permission to discover and conquer lands further south.

By convention, unknowns are denoted by letters at the end of the alphabet, x, y, z, w, …, while knowns are denoted by letters at the beginning, a, b, c, d, ….

By the time Allen reached his teens, the area, while still a difficult area in which to make a living, began to resemble a town, with wood-frame houses beginning to replace the rough cabins of the early settlers.

By convention, letters at the beginning of the alphabet ( e. g. ) are typically used to represent constants, and those toward the end of the alphabet ( e. g. and ) are used to represent variables.

By 1912 and 1913, there are beginning to be many films from many American companies that rely on applying novel decoration to the story, rather than supplying any twists to the drama itself to sustain interest.

By the beginning of the Civil War, Austria-Hungary, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland had recognized Finnish independence.

By 1968, the design had reached the one known today, and has been used continuously from this year, apart from a period in the 1970s when the just the letters CAFC appeared on the team's shirts.

" Clarence Brown " in The Parade's Gone By New York: Knopf, 1968

By contrast, Ahmad Jibril's Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command ( PFLP-GC ), which split away from Habash's organization in 1968, wanted to focus more on the tactical implementation of armed struggle.

By 1968, the number of dance clubs started to decline ; most American clubs either closed or were transformed into clubs featuring live bands.

By 1968 Thomas had increased sales in the four fried chicken restaurants so much that he sold his share in them back to Sanders for more than $ 1. 5 million.

By the end of 1968 there were at least 1, 300 Moroccan workers resident in Gibraltar and this more than doubled following the final closure of the frontier with Spain in June 1969.

By 1968 Parsons had come to the attention of The Byrds ' bassist, Chris Hillman, via Larry Spector ( The Byrds ' business manager ), as a possible replacement band member following the departures of David Crosby and Michael Clarke from the group in late 1967.

By 1968 the newsletter of The Shakespeare Oxford Society reported that " the missionary or evangelical spirit of most of our members seems to be at a low ebb, dormant, or non-existent ".

By August 1968, < i > Literarni listy </ i > had a circulation of 300, 000, making it the most published periodical in Europe .< ref > Holý, Jiří.

By 1968 all forms of segregation had been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, and by 1970 support for formal legal segregation had dissolved.

By this time his relationship with the 25-year-old writer Mira Mendelson ( 1915 – 1968 ) had finally led to his separation from his wife Lina, although they were never technically divorced: indeed Prokofiev had tried to persuade Lina and their sons to accompany him as evacuees out of Moscow, but Lina opted to stay.

By 1968, revolutionary political ideas had taken root in earnest among university students.

By the 1960s, tracks of 333. 3m length were commonly used for international competitions ( eg: the Agustín Melgar Olympic Velodrome used for track cycling events at the 1968 Summer Olympics, and Leicester's Saffron Lane velodrome used at the 1970 and 1982 Track Cycling World Championships ).

By the 1960s, with the growth of the Paris suburbs, the Seine-et-Oise had reached more than 2 million inhabitants, and was deemed too large and ungovernable, and thus it was split into three départements in January 1968.

By the early 1960s films based on commando missions like The Gift Horse ( 1952 ) based on the St. Nazaire Raid, and Ill Met by Moonlight ( 1956 ) had begun to inspire fictional adventure films such as The Guns of Navarone ( 1961 ), The Train ( 1964 ), The Dirty Dozen ( 1967 ), Where Eagles Dare ( 1968 ) and Hannibal Brooks ( 1969 ), which used the war as the backdrop for spectacular action films.

By 1968, the new, or soon to be, US commander in South Vietnam, General Creighton Abrams had been notified that the 152mm shells were now available for the Sheridan.

By 1968, the field of environmental physiology had advanced and expanded significantly, but the science of clothing in relation to environmental physiology had changed little.

By 1968, landings for the fish peaked at 800, 000 tonnes before a gradual decline set in.

* Brownlow, Kevin, " Buster Keaton " from The Parade ’ s Gone By ( 1968 ) Alfred A. Knopf, ( 1976 ) University of California Press

By 1968, hippie-influenced fashions were beginning to take off in the mainstream, especially for youths and younger adults of the populous " Baby Boomer " generation, many of whom may have aspired to emulate the hardcore movements now living in tribalistic communes, but had no overt connections to them.

By 1968, FM Agency and Models 1 were established and represented models in a similar way they do today.

By 1968, the oversized newsprint publication, the Whole Earth Catalog, was connecting thousands of specialized merchants, artisans, and scientists directly with consumers who were interested in supporting independent producers, with the goal of bypassing corporate retail and department stores.

By 1968, Osco grew to 168 stores in sixteen states.

By 1968, over 550, 000 American soldiers were in Vietnam ; during 1967 and 1968 they were being killed at the rate of 1, 000 a month.