By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By 1840 there were still only ten colonial bishops for the Church of England ; but even this small beginning greatly facilitated the growth of Anglicanism around the world.

By the beginning of the 8th century, these kingdoms had either been conquered by Nicene neighbors ( Ostrogoths, Vandals, Burgundians ) or their rulers had accepted Nicene Christianity ( Visigoths, Lombards ).

By the beginning of 1204, Isaac II and Alexios IV had inspired little confidence among the people of Constantinople in their efforts to defend the city from the Latins and Venetians, who were restless and rioted when the money and aid promised by Alexios IV was not forthcoming.

By the beginning of World War II, many towns and cities had built space, and there were numerous qualified pilots available.

By the 1950s, the development of civil jets grew, beginning with the de Havilland Comet, though the first widely-used passenger jet was the Boeing 707, because it was much more economical than other planes at the time.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, Steiner's interests turned to explicitly spiritual areas of research.

By the time the Gospels of Luke and Matthew were written, Jesus is portrayed as being the Son of God from the time of birth, and finally the Gospel of John portrays him as the pre-existent Word () as existing " in the beginning ".

By a 20th-century classification, the idealists ( Kant, Hegel and others ), are considered the beginning of continental philosophy, while the empiricists are the beginning, or the immediate predecessors, of analytical philosophy.

By the mid-1990s, however, companies were beginning to ask what the return was on the investment they had made in this loosely controlled PC software buying spree.

By the end of Judges the Israelites are in a worse condition than they were at the beginning, with Yahweh's treasures used to make idolatrous images, the Levites ( priests ) corrupted, the tribe of Dan conquering a remote village instead of the Canaanite cities, and the tribes of Israel making war on the Benjamites, their own brothers.

By the late 19th century, as a result of the faster shipping, expanding fishery and industrialization of the island, exchanges of people between the island of Newfoundland and Cape Breton increased beginning a cultural exchange that continues to this day.

By early 2000 there had been the beginning of an economic recovery, with the export sector leading the way, as it enjoyed the benefit of the more competitive exchange rate, as well as strong prices for petroleum, Colombia's leading export product.

By the 19th century, the season for celery had been extended, to last from the beginning of September to late in April.

By the beginning of the Warring States, progress in astronomy and mathematics allowed the creation of calculated calendars ( where intercalary months and days are set by a rule, and not arbitrarily ).

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Royal Society in England was discussing the practice of inoculation, and the smallpox epidemic in 1713 spurred further interest.

By the beginning of 1984, quarterly sales of the ColecoVision had dramatically decreased.

By the beginning of the 19th century, government policy on both sides of the Atlantic began to change, reflecting the growing popularity of the proposition that corporations were riding the economic wave of the future.

By the beginning of August 1524, they had received the requisite permission to discover and conquer lands further south.

By convention, unknowns are denoted by letters at the end of the alphabet, x, y, z, w, …, while knowns are denoted by letters at the beginning, a, b, c, d, ….

By the time Allen reached his teens, the area, while still a difficult area in which to make a living, began to resemble a town, with wood-frame houses beginning to replace the rough cabins of the early settlers.

By convention, letters at the beginning of the alphabet ( e. g. ) are typically used to represent constants, and those toward the end of the alphabet ( e. g. and ) are used to represent variables.

By 1912 and 1913, there are beginning to be many films from many American companies that rely on applying novel decoration to the story, rather than supplying any twists to the drama itself to sustain interest.

By the beginning of the Civil War, Austria-Hungary, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland had recognized Finnish independence.

By the end of the twentieth century " Negro " had come to be considered inappropriate and was rarely used and perceived as a pejorative.

By the early twentieth century, both parties were winning increasing numbers of seats in Congress.

By the late twentieth century, Chianti was often associated with basic Chianti sold in a squat bottle enclosed in a straw basket, called a fiasco.

By the early twentieth century, the word " fart " had come to be considered rather vulgar in most English-speaking cultures.

By the end of the twentieth century interest in hydraulic rams has revived, due to the needs of sustainable technology in developing countries, and energy conservation in developed ones.

By the turn of the twentieth century it had begun to be displaced by the shorter and purely Arabic term Islam and by 1938, when Orientalist scholars completed The Encyclopaedia of Islam, seems to have virtually disappeared from the English language.

By the close of the twentieth century, the finite phosphate supplies were fast running out.

By the early twentieth century, it had been superseded by " number theory ".

By the beginning of the twentieth century, punch cards encoded data and directed mechanical processing.

By the twentieth century, the modern notion of science as a special brand of information about the world, practiced by a distinct group and pursued through a unique method, was essentially in place.

By the mid twentieth century the Crossbow Corps had become largely defunct, save for parading on state holidays ; but in 1956 the practice of training its members in crossbow shooting was revived, and a ' Crossbow Federation ' was formed to encourage competition in this art, so that the unit ( although still entirely ceremonial in nature ) now again has a very active existence.

By the turn of the twentieth century, a proportionately small yet socially significant cross-section of China's traditional elite ( i. e. landlords and bureaucrats ), found themselves increasingly skeptical of the efficacy and even the moral validity of Confucianism.

By the early twentieth century Sydney became home to one of the world's largest steel plants, fed by the numerous coal mines in the area under the ownership of the Dominion Coal Company.

By the end of the twentieth century, however, all of these rules had been abolished one by one, so that appointment is now a matter of status and prestige only, with no formal disadvantages.

By 1921 the registered population had slumped by almost 38, 000 ( approximately 14 %) in ten years to 228, 244, and the decline continued throughout the twentieth century.

By the end of the twentieth century, the replanted growth was considered mature enough to be commercially harvested.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, many of these had been depleted.

By the early twentieth century, as the town's population continued to grow, the Florida East Coast Railroad constructed tracks en route to Miami bisecting Deerfield.

By the turn of the twentieth century, Riverdale Park comprised 60 dwellings, a Presbyterian church, a schoolhouse, and a railroad station.

By population, Egremont ranks twentieth out of the 32 cities and towns in Berkshire County, and 315th out of the 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts.

By the start of the twentieth century, more than five million pounds of tobacco were being sold annually in Kinston's warehouses.

By the early twentieth century the population had reached 513, and the Methodist and Baptist congregations had established churches.

By the twentieth century dairy farms were increasingly competitive, and by the 1950s many small farms had ceased operation.