By early June they were a hundred miles off the coast of Ceylon, by which time all four missionaries were hardened seafarers.

By early summer, he wrote from Laramie that he was suffering from the wound inflicted in the ambush and was in a bad way financially, so Pels sent him a draft for $100, warning that it was still not wise for him to return.

By the time Felix turned up it was early afternoon, which, one would think, would be late enough so that by then, except for small children and a few hardy souls who had not yet sobered up, it could have been expected that people would no longer be having any sort of active interest in the previous night's noisemakers and paper hats.

By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By the early 5th century Britain had been Roman for over three hundred and fifty years.

By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965 – 1966 it was cleaned through bleaching.

By the time of his relatively early death at the age of 51, Erlang created the field of telephone networks analysis.

By the early 1960s, US research on the Nike Zeus missile system had developed to the point where small improvements would allow it to be used as the basis of a " real " ABM system.

By early June, Nami was living in apartment 1504 at the Delray Racquet Club condominiums with Saeed al-Ghamdi in Delray Beach, Florida.

By the early 19th century, the threat of plague had diminished, but it was quickly replaced by a new disease.

By the early 1910s, Jefferson began traveling frequently to Dallas, where he met and played with fellow blues musician Lead Belly.

By the early 2000s, these competitions were named Comic Idol ( in reference to Pop Idol.

By the early 2000s ( decade ), however, the university quietly reexamined its position on accreditation as degree mills proliferated and various government bureaucracies, such as law enforcement agencies, began excluding BJU graduates on the grounds that the university did not appear on appropriate federal lists.

By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large parts of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule.

By a strange twist, the Benedictines were not a mendicant order, but a stable, monastery-based order, and single-volume breviaries are rare from this early period.

By the time the building opened early in 1855, Desaga had made fifty of the burners for Bunsen's students.

By the early 2000s, CPU designers were thwarted from achieving higher performance from ILP techniques due to the growing disparity between CPU operating frequencies and main memory operating frequencies as well as escalating CPU power dissipation owing to more esoteric ILP techniques.

By the time Mozart arrived at age 25, in 1781, the dominant styles of Vienna were recognizably connected to the emergence in the 1750s of the early Classical style.

By the early 19th century, Kanem-Bornu was clearly an empire in decline, and in 1808 Fulani warriors conquered Ngazargamu.

By then, early dance camps, retreats, and weekends had emerged, such as Pinewoods Camp, in Plymouth, Massachusetts, which became primarily a music and dance camp in 1933, and NEFFA, the New England Folk Festival, also in Massachusetts, which began in 1944.

By the early twentieth century, both parties were winning increasing numbers of seats in Congress.

By early 1973, inflation had risen 800 % under Allende's presidency.

By the early 18th century, this initial portrayal was rejected by the Dominicans and Franciscans, creating a dispute among Catholics in East Asia that was known as the " Rites Controversy ".

By the mid 20th century, with the growing market for rare coins, the Sheldon system was adopted by the American Numismatic Association and most coin professionals in the North America.

By the end of the 20th century, Cambridge had one of the most expensive housing markets in the Northeastern United States.

By the turn of the 20th century, it had grown customary to abbreviate the name violoncello to ' cello, with the apostrophe indicating the six missing prefix letters.

By the early 20th century, with the lumber depleted, the timber industry was in decline.

By the early 20th century, infantry weapons had become more powerful, forcing most artillery away from the front lines.

By 1976 the cost of the cheapest 4-function pocket calculator had dropped to a few dollars, about one 20th of the cost five years earlier.

By the late 20th century the recognition of practical knowledge as equal to academic knowledge led to the emergence of practice research and practice as research.

By the 20th century the novel had come to occupy a canonical space as one of the foundations of modern literature.

By the late 20th century, encyclopedias were being published on CD-ROMs for use with personal computers.

By the end of the 20th century, Japan was the only country with an emperor on the throne.

By the end of the 20th century, most handguns carried regularly by military, police and civilians were semi-automatic, although revolvers were still widely used.

By the early 20th century, radiometric dating allowed the Earth's age to be estimated at two billion years.

By the late 20th century, Hong Kong was the seventh largest port in the world and second only to New York and Rotterdam in terms of container throughput.

By the 20th century, earlier mechanical calculators, cash registers, accounting machines, and so on were redesigned to use electric motors, with gear position as the representation for the state of a variable.

By the beginning of the 20th century, Western scholars of Islam started to critically engage with the Islamic texts, subjecting them to the same agnostic, searching scrutiny that had previously been applied to Christian texts ( see higher criticism ).

By the late 20th century religion had declined to only a weak force in most of Europe.

By the end of the 20th century, microtechnology had been used to create tiny robotic devices to assist microsurgery using micro-video and fiber-optic cameras to view internal tissues during surgery with minimally invasive practices.

By the early 20th century Dutch dominance extended to what was to become Indonesia's current boundaries.

By the end of the war, Italian per capita income was at its lowest point since the beginning of the 20th century.

By the turn of the 20th century, the heyday of individualist anarchism had passed, although aspects of the individualist anarchist tradition were later revived with modifications by Murray Rothbard and his anarcho-capitalism in the mid-20th century, as a current of the broader libertarian movement.

By the end of the 20th century, it was concluded that some convicts could not be treated and therefore could not be safely released into society.

By the late 20th century, most nations of the former empire had officially adopted the metric system as their main system of measurement, although as of 2011 the United Kingdom had only partially adopted it.

By the first decade of the 20th century, a number of business entities had formed themselves into trusts, which dominated their industries.