By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By the end of the nineteenth century, in 1893, when the Big Three, Columbia, and Penn were populous centers of learning, Dartmouth graduated only sixty-nine.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By the end of the third act, the artist is dead but the body lingers on, a shell among other shells.

By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 20 regiments of blacks from the Mississippi Valley.

By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.

By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks.

By the end of 2010, Armenia ’ s external debt is projected to form about 42 percent of GDP, and 50 percent in 2012.

By the end of the reign of Naram-Sin's son, Shar-kali-sharri ( 2217 – 2193 BC ), the empire had weakened.

By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

By the end of the novel, the elite cavalry wing is led by a dashing young warrior prince named Artos, whom Sutcliff postulates to be the real Arthur.

By the end of Andronikos II's reign, much of Bithynia was in the hands of the Ottoman Turks of Osman I and his son and heir Orhan.

By now, the war is nearing its end and the German Army is retreating.

By the end of the book, Paul realizes that he no longer knows what to do with himself and decides that he has nothing more to lose.

By the end of the twentieth century " Negro " had come to be considered inappropriate and was rarely used and perceived as a pejorative.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By the end of 1898, Western pilgrims started coming to Akka on pilgrimage to visit ` Abdu ' l-Bahá ; this group of pilgrims, including Phoebe Hearst, was the first time that Bahá ' ís raised up in the West had met ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

By the end of 2013, a total of 461 km of high-speed lines are expected to be built.

By the end of 1865, almost 100 clubs were members of the NABBP.

By the end of the game, the ball would be dark with grass, mud, and tobacco juice, and it would be misshapen and lumpy from contact with the bat.

By convention, the top strand is written from the 5 ' end to the 3 ' end ; thus, the bottom strand is written 3 ' to 5 '.

By the end of the 16th century, Bethlehem had become one of the largest villages in the District of Jerusalem, and was subdivided into seven quarters.

By the end of his sole rule ( AD 14 ), Augustus had expanded the empire to the line of the Danube river, which was to remain its central / eastern European border for its entire history ( except for the occupation of Dacia 105-275 ).

The money was devoted largely to developing “ technical advice on the conduct of defoliation and anti-crop activities in Southeast Asia .” By the end of fiscal year 1962, the Chemical Corps had let or were negotiating contracts for over one thousand chemical defoliants.

" By the Way " was originally a column in the Globe, consisting of unsigned humorous pieces ; P. G. Wodehouse was assistant editor of the column from August 1903 and editor from August 1904 to May 1909, during which time he was assisted by Herbert Westbrook.

By the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, TBDs were " large, swift, and powerfully armed torpedo boats designed to destroy other torpedo boats.

By that time, Reinitzer had discovered and described three important features of cholesteric liquid crystals ( the name coined by Otto Lehmann in 1904 ): the existence of two melting points, the reflection of circularly polarized light, and the ability to rotate the polarization direction of light.

By the end of the rebellion in August, a single party, which had been out of power since 1904, had almost total control in Paraguay.

By 1904 Pacelli received his doctorate.

By 1904, the party system was entrenched in Western Australian politics.

By 1904, Steiner was appointed by Annie Besant to be leader of the Theosophical Esoteric Society for Germany and Austria.

By 1904 he was clearly expressing his own understanding of these themes in his essays and books, though continuing to refer to a wide variety of historical sources.

* French — Burguet, Paul Henry: The Imprint, or The Red Hand ( 1908 ; Gaston Séverin plays Pierrot ); Carné, Marcel: Children of Paradise ( 1945 ; see above under The Pantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules ); Carré fils, Michel: The Prodigal Son a. k. a. Pierrot the Prodigal ( 1907 ; the first feature-length film and the first film of a stage-play Carré's pantomime of 1890 ; George Wague plays Pierrot père ); Feuillade, Louis: Pierrot's Projector ( 1909 ), Pierrot, Pierrette ( 1924 ); Guitry, Sacha: Deburau ( 1951 ; based upon Guitry's own stage-play # Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues | Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues above ); Guy, Alice: Pierrot, Murderer ( 1904 ); Leprince, René: Pierrot Loves Roses ( 1910 ); Méliès, Georges: By Moonlight, or The Unfortunate Pierrot ( 1904 ).

By 1904, however, Carlo was king in name only, having no ambition to rule.

' By the end of 1904, the Tariff Reform League's numerous branches were challenging the Conservative National Union.

By the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, approximately 3. 8 million rifles had been delivered to the Russian army, though not many were used during the conflict.

By March 23, 1904, white mobs on horseback were accosting black citizens on sight, shooting those who resisted.

By 1904, the Arkansas Supreme Court allowed the town to annex the Eighth Ward ; the modern City of North Little Rock considers this its founding date.

By 1904, the town consisted of 35 houses, two stores, a hotel, an opera house, several boarding houses, two lumber yards, a meat market, and a schoolhouse.

By 1904, after investing his winnings in the Boston-Tonopah Mining Company, Wingfield was worth $ 2 million.

By 1904 Burke's population had declined to 161, due to the rise of Lufkin, eight miles north, as an industrial center for the county.

By 1904 McLean had three general stores, a bank, two wagonyards and livery stables, a lumberyard, and a newspaper, the McLean News.

By 1904 the town had grown from 30 to 800 people.

By 1905 relatively few Unionist MPs were still free traders ( the young Winston Churchill crossed over to the Liberals in 1904 when threatened with deselection at Oldham ), but Balfour's long balancing act had drained his authority within the government.

By February 1904, the Marconi Wireless Company required all of its operators to use ' CQD ' for a ship in distress, or requiring URGENT assistance.

By 1904 the town had a population of 819 people.

By 1904, it became illegal to commercially catch any fish except for non-native species.

By the time the Russo-Japanese War began in 1904, 65 % of employment and 38 % of the gross domestic product ( GDP ) were still based on agriculture, but modern industry had begun to expand substantially.