By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By the end of the nineteenth century, in 1893, when the Big Three, Columbia, and Penn were populous centers of learning, Dartmouth graduated only sixty-nine.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By the end of the third act, the artist is dead but the body lingers on, a shell among other shells.

By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 20 regiments of blacks from the Mississippi Valley.

By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.

By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks.

By the end of 2010, Armenia ’ s external debt is projected to form about 42 percent of GDP, and 50 percent in 2012.

By the end of the reign of Naram-Sin's son, Shar-kali-sharri ( 2217 – 2193 BC ), the empire had weakened.

By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

By the end of the novel, the elite cavalry wing is led by a dashing young warrior prince named Artos, whom Sutcliff postulates to be the real Arthur.

By the end of Andronikos II's reign, much of Bithynia was in the hands of the Ottoman Turks of Osman I and his son and heir Orhan.

By now, the war is nearing its end and the German Army is retreating.

By the end of the book, Paul realizes that he no longer knows what to do with himself and decides that he has nothing more to lose.

By the end of the twentieth century " Negro " had come to be considered inappropriate and was rarely used and perceived as a pejorative.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By the end of 1898, Western pilgrims started coming to Akka on pilgrimage to visit ` Abdu ' l-Bahá ; this group of pilgrims, including Phoebe Hearst, was the first time that Bahá ' ís raised up in the West had met ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

By the end of 2013, a total of 461 km of high-speed lines are expected to be built.

By the end of 1865, almost 100 clubs were members of the NABBP.

By the end of the game, the ball would be dark with grass, mud, and tobacco juice, and it would be misshapen and lumpy from contact with the bat.

By convention, the top strand is written from the 5 ' end to the 3 ' end ; thus, the bottom strand is written 3 ' to 5 '.

By the end of the 16th century, Bethlehem had become one of the largest villages in the District of Jerusalem, and was subdivided into seven quarters.

By the end of his sole rule ( AD 14 ), Augustus had expanded the empire to the line of the Danube river, which was to remain its central / eastern European border for its entire history ( except for the occupation of Dacia 105-275 ).

The money was devoted largely to developing “ technical advice on the conduct of defoliation and anti-crop activities in Southeast Asia .” By the end of fiscal year 1962, the Chemical Corps had let or were negotiating contracts for over one thousand chemical defoliants.

By 2007, national branches of the Anthroposophical Society had been established in fifty countries, and about 10, 000 institutions around the world were working on the basis of anthroposophy.

By October 2007 bluetongue had become a serious threat in Scandinavia and Switzerland and the first outbreak in Denmark was reported.

By 2007, GDP grew over 8 %.

Coal ( from the Old English term col, which has meant " mineral of fossilized carbon " since the 13th century ) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided per day.

By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide.

By November 2007 Deicide began work on its ninth studio album at Florida's Morrisound Studios.

By 2007, the Falkland Islands had a road network of with a further roads planned for construction link to all occupied mainland settlements by 2013.

By 2007 the ship had collapsed onto its side, almost completely submerged.

By May 2007, the Astros had suffered one of their worst recent losing streaks ( 10 games ).

By 2007 the " Bjäre julmust " was only sold at McDonald's restaurants and it had completely disappeared from Coca-Colas range of products by Christmas 2008, only to return for Christmas 2011.

By 2007 the now-Russian force, now designated the Operational Group of Russian Forces in Moldova, under the command of the Moscow Military District had withered away to a strength of some 1500 which included the 8th Motor Rifle Brigade and a surface-to-air missile regiment.

By purchasing broadcast rights to Douglas Gayeton's machinima documentary Molotov Alva and His Search for the Creator in September 2007, HBO became the first television network to buy a work created completely in a virtual world.

By the end of 2007, each episode of the original TV series averaged a sales figure of 80, 928 copies, including all of the different formats it was published in ( VHS, LD, DVD, etc .).

By September 2007 the North Pole had been visited 66 times by different surface ships: 54 times by Soviet and Russian icebreakers, 4 times by Swedish Oden, 3 times by German RV Polarstern, 3 times by USCGC Healy and USCGC Polar Sea, and once by CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent and by Norwegian Vidar Viking.

*" America ’ s Opera Boom " By Jonathan Leaf, The American, July / August 2007 Issue

By 2007, electric bicycles were thought to make up 10 to 20 percent of all two-wheeled vehicles on the streets of many major cities.

By the time Clemens retired from Major League Baseball in 2007, his four-seam fastball had settled in the 90 – 93 mph range.

By 7 January 2007, about 75 people had died and another 183 were infected.

By the end of January, 2007, some 148 people had died since the outbreak began in December.

By March 2007 Australian viewing figures for Neighbours had fallen to fewer than 700, 000 a night, prompting a revamp of cast and graphics used on the show, and a deemphasis on the action oriented direction the series had moved in with a move to refocus the show on the family storylines it is traditionally known for.

By 2010 the supply had increased by about 10 % to 1056. 8 million ounces of which 72. 7 million ounces were used in the photographic sector, a decline of 38 % compared with 2007.

By 2007, there had been an increase in the number of drug cartels, many from Colombia, using Sierra Leone as a base to ship drugs on to Europe.

By the time the series ended, The X-Files had become the longest-running science fiction series in U. S. television history, though it was subsequently surpassed by Stargate SG-1 in 2007 and by Smallville in 2011.

* Dice against the Nazis: Propaganda aimed to reduce fear, By Clive Gilbert and Kevin Allen, BBC News Magazine, 24 August 2007.