By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By the end of the nineteenth century, in 1893, when the Big Three, Columbia, and Penn were populous centers of learning, Dartmouth graduated only sixty-nine.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By the end of the third act, the artist is dead but the body lingers on, a shell among other shells.

By the end of 1863, at Lincoln's direction, General Lorenzo Thomas had recruited 20 regiments of blacks from the Mississippi Valley.

By the end of his life Huxley was widely acknowledged as one of the pre-eminent intellectuals of his time and respected as an important researcher into visual communication and sight-related theories as well.

By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks.

By the end of 2010, Armenia ’ s external debt is projected to form about 42 percent of GDP, and 50 percent in 2012.

By the end of the reign of Naram-Sin's son, Shar-kali-sharri ( 2217 – 2193 BC ), the empire had weakened.

By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

By the end of the novel, the elite cavalry wing is led by a dashing young warrior prince named Artos, whom Sutcliff postulates to be the real Arthur.

By the end of Andronikos II's reign, much of Bithynia was in the hands of the Ottoman Turks of Osman I and his son and heir Orhan.

By now, the war is nearing its end and the German Army is retreating.

By the end of the book, Paul realizes that he no longer knows what to do with himself and decides that he has nothing more to lose.

By the end of the twentieth century " Negro " had come to be considered inappropriate and was rarely used and perceived as a pejorative.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By the end of 1898, Western pilgrims started coming to Akka on pilgrimage to visit ` Abdu ' l-Bahá ; this group of pilgrims, including Phoebe Hearst, was the first time that Bahá ' ís raised up in the West had met ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

By the end of 2013, a total of 461 km of high-speed lines are expected to be built.

By the end of 1865, almost 100 clubs were members of the NABBP.

By the end of the game, the ball would be dark with grass, mud, and tobacco juice, and it would be misshapen and lumpy from contact with the bat.

By convention, the top strand is written from the 5 ' end to the 3 ' end ; thus, the bottom strand is written 3 ' to 5 '.

By the end of the 16th century, Bethlehem had become one of the largest villages in the District of Jerusalem, and was subdivided into seven quarters.

By the end of his sole rule ( AD 14 ), Augustus had expanded the empire to the line of the Danube river, which was to remain its central / eastern European border for its entire history ( except for the occupation of Dacia 105-275 ).

The money was devoted largely to developing “ technical advice on the conduct of defoliation and anti-crop activities in Southeast Asia .” By the end of fiscal year 1962, the Chemical Corps had let or were negotiating contracts for over one thousand chemical defoliants.

By her eighteenth birthday her bent for writing was so evident that Papa and Mamma gave her a Life Of Dickens as a spur to her aspiration.

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Royal Society in England was discussing the practice of inoculation, and the smallpox epidemic in 1713 spurred further interest.

By the eighteenth century, Chianti was widely recognized as a red wine, but the exact composition and grape varieties used to make Chianti at this point is unknown.

" By the eighteenth century these unorthodox religious and philosophical concerns were well defined as ' occult ', inasmuch as they lay on the outermost fringe of accepted forms of knowledge and discourse ," They were, however, preserved by antiquarians and mystics.

By the end of the eighteenth century, for the few chemists who still used the term phlogiston, the concept was linked to hydrogen.

Gravity, interpreted as an innate attraction between every pair of particles of matter, was an occult quality in the same sense as the scholastics ' " tendency to fall " had been .... By the mid eighteenth century that interpretation had been almost universally accepted, and the result was a genuine reversion ( which is not the same as a retrogression ) to a scholastic standard.

By the late eighteenth century, they founded the first African Episcopal Church and first African Methodist Episcopal ( AME ) churches in Philadelphia.

By the middle of the eighteenth century, Bermuda was sending twice as many privateers to sea as any of the continental colonies.

By the eighteenth century, schools were established to teach penmanship techniques from master penmen, especially in England and the United States.

By the middle of the eighteenth century, the Shawnee, an Algonquian tribe, were the primary tribe of Native Americans living in what would become Athens County.

" By the eighteenth century, " man " had come to refer primarily to males ; some writers who wished to use the term in the older sense deemed it necessary to spell out their meaning: Anthony Trollope, for example, writes of " the infinite simplicity and silliness of mankind and womankind " and when " Edmund Burke, writing of the French Revolution, used men in the old, inclusive way, he took pains to spell out his meaning: ' Such a deplorable havoc is made in the minds of men ( both sexes ) in France ....'"

By the eighteenth century, a distinctive enthusiasm for nature and the Alps spread in European society.

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, the figure of the " Wandering Jew " as an apocryphal legendary individual began to be identified with the fate of the Jewish people as a whole.

By the late eighteenth century, settlement patterns shifted.

By population, Charlemont ranks eighteenth of the 25 towns in Franklin county, and 314th out of the 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts.

By the end of the eighteenth century, the Sturgeon property was owned by Revolutionary War soldier, Colonel Timothy Green.

By the early eighteenth century brick making had been extended and four shops and one or two alehouses established on the common.

By the end of the eighteenth century, these formal parterres had been removed and the canal ponds filled in.

By the eighteenth century, 145 fudai controlled such smaller han, the greatest assessed at 250, 000 koku.

By the eighteenth century, decorative hamons were often being combined with decorative folding techniques to produce entire landscapes, complete with specific islands, crashing waves, hills, mountains, rivers, and sometimes low spots were cut in the clay to produce niye far away from the hamon, creating effects such as birds in the sky.

By the end of the eighteenth century, however, the term barque ( sometimes, particularly in the USA, spelled bark ) came to refer to any vessel with a particular type of sail-plan.

By the eighteenth century, the game had matured, and in France, playing cards, tokens, the reading out of numbers had been added to the game.

By the eighteenth century, the Ojibwe and Dakota were the two primary tribes that inhabited the area, until around 1745, when the Dakota were forever driven from the St. Croix Valley as a result of the Battle of Kathio.

By the eighteenth century, Rugby School had acquired a national reputation as a public school and moved to its present site.

By the eighteenth century, Catholic musicians began to take the musical lead over their Protestant colleagues.