By the eve of the Civil War, when it had 700 residents, Paris had become a cattle and farming center.

By the eve of World War I, Europe, for instance, represented the largest share ( 27 %) of the global zones of investment, followed by North America ( 24 %), Latin America ( 19 %), Asia ( 16 %), Africa ( 9 %), and Oceania ( 5 %) for all industrial powers.

By coincidence, the coup was carried out on the eve of the second congress, forcing the suspension of party business.

By the eve of World War I, the Slovaks were struggling to preserve their newly found national identity.

By the eve of this battle there were probably 4, 000 rifles defending the town, supported by two Austrian howitzer batteries ( 12 howitzers ) and a German 10 cm battery ( two guns ) with up to 50 guns in the surrounding area, while a force of 2, 000 rifles was at Beersheba.

By the eve of World War I, Groza had completed his studies and returned to Deva to work as a lawyer.

By 1860, on the eve of the American Civil War, 91 percent of blacks in Delaware were free, and 49. 7 percent of blacks in Maryland.

By an ancient tradition, on the eve of the death of a Duke of Dorset, two black owls come and perch on the battlements of Tankerton Hall, the family seat ; the owls remain there hooting through the night and at dawn they fly away to an unknown place.

By the eve of statehood, the JNF had acquired a total of 936, 000 dunums of land ; another 800, 000 dunums had been acquired by other Jewish organizations or individuals.

By August 1945, Japan was on the eve of defeat.

By mid-December at any rate, Kitchener was already circulating all column commanders with instructions not to bring in women and children when they cleared the country, but to leave them with the guerrillas ... Viewed as a gesture to Liberals, on the eve of the new session of Parliament at Westminster, it was a shrewd political move.

By the eve of battle, the front-line trenches had ceased to exist and their barbed wire defences were blown to pieces.

By the eve of the Revolution, it had become the world's largest hospital, with a capacity of 10, 000 patients plus 300 prisoners, largely prostitutes swept from the streets of Paris.

By the eve of the 1917 Revolution the garden economy was developing quickly.

By the mid-14th century Bristol is considered to have been England's third-largest town ( after London and York ), with an estimated 15-20, 000 inhabitants on the eve of the Black Death of 1348-49.

By the eve of poll, it was clear that large numbers of previously Labour voters were defecting to other parties, and that non-Labour voters were lining up in support of the Liberal candidate as the one most likely to beat Labour.

) By the eve of the First Anglo-Burmese War, Yangon had replaced Syriam ( Thanlyin ) as the chief port city of the kingdom.

By the eve of the war, Bunau-Varilla had already drafted the new nation's constitution, flag, and military establishment, and promised to float the entire government on his own checkbook.

By 1860, on the eve of the American Civil War, cotton accounted for almost 60 % of American exports, representing a total value of nearly $ 200 million a year.

By 1974 the breach between Milne and the local party was irreparable, and he was deselected on the eve of the February 1974 general election.

By the eve of World War II Collinwood's economic vitality had drawn large numbers of both ethnic white Europeans and Southern Appalachians.

By the mid-19th century, Bayonne had declined somewhat with the centralisation of power to Paris and to the new département capital, non-Basque Pau, after the 1789 French Revolution, and with Wellington's bombardment.

By the American Revolution, most residents lived near the Common and Harvard College, with farms and estates comprising most of the town.

By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China.

By April, the Revolution had spread to eighteen states, including Morelos where the leader was Emiliano Zapata.

By these means he consolidated a system of absolute monarchical rule in France that endured until the French Revolution.

By the time of the French Revolution some, such as the Enragés, began to use the term positively, in opposition to Jacobin centralisation of power, seeing " revolutionary government " as oxymoronic.

* 1802 – By the Law of 20 May 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte reinstates slavery in the French colonies, revoking its abolition in the French Revolution

By 1939, with the exception of Stalin himself, none of the original Bolsheviks of the October Revolution of 1917 remained in the Party.

By contrast, neighboring Chinese leader Mao Zedong was mostly ignored and Kim Il-sung rejected most of his policies such as the Hundred Flowers Campaign and ( later ) the Cultural Revolution.

By 1750, slavery was a legal institution in all of the 13 American colonies, and the profits of the slave trade and of West Indian plantations amounted to 5 % of the British economy at the time of the Industrial Revolution.

* May 20 – By the Law of 20 May 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte reinstates slavery in the French colonies, revoking its abolition in the French Revolution.

By splitting Rhône-et-Loire the government sought to protect the French Revolution from the potential power and influence of counter revolutionary activity in the Lyon region.

The Economic Consequences of Mr. Keynes: How the Second Industrial Revolution Passed Great Britain By.

By contrast, most of the best officers in the French navy had been either executed or dismissed from the service during the early part of the French Revolution.

By the turn of the 20th century, sales started to slowly return to normal, until the industry was rocked again by the Russian Revolution and American Prohibition, which closed off two of Madeira's biggest markets.

By late 1975 however, Mao saw that Deng's economic restructuring might negate the legacy of the Cultural Revolution, and launched a campaign to oppose " rehabilitating the case for the rightists ", alluding to Deng as the country's foremost " rightist ".

By this time, the recreational or ' fun ' aspects of sexual behavior were being discussed more openly than ever before, and this more ' enlightened ' outlook resulted not just from the publication of such new books as these, but from a more pervasive Sexual Revolution that had already been well underway for some time.

By 1912, Lille's population was at 217, 000: the city profited from the Industrial Revolution, particularly via coal and the steam engine.

By the middle of the 19th century, subsequent to the Industrial Revolution ( 1750 – 1850 ), the great expansion of the bourgeoisie social class caused its self-stratification — by business activity and by economic function — into the haute bourgeoisie ( bankers and industrialists ) and the petite bourgeoisie ( tradesmen and white-collar workers ).

By the 1920s the violence of the Mexican Revolution had largely subsided, although scattered gangs of bandits continued to terrorize the countryside.

By declaring themselves the Fourth International, the " World Party of Socialist Revolution ", the Trotskyists were publicly asserting their continuity with the Comintern, and with its predecessors.

Many of the songs on the album display experimentation with unlikely musical genres, borrowing directly from such sources as 1930s dance-hall music ( in " Honey Pie "), classical chamber music ( in " Piggies "), the avant-garde sensibilities of Yoko Ono and John Cage ( in " Revolution 9 "), country-style music ( Ringo Starr's " Don't Pass Me By "), a western-style saloon ballad (" Rocky Raccoon "), and the lush sentimentality of Henry Mancini's film scores ( in " Good Night ").

" By the eighteenth century, " man " had come to refer primarily to males ; some writers who wished to use the term in the older sense deemed it necessary to spell out their meaning: Anthony Trollope, for example, writes of " the infinite simplicity and silliness of mankind and womankind " and when " Edmund Burke, writing of the French Revolution, used men in the old, inclusive way, he took pains to spell out his meaning: ' Such a deplorable havoc is made in the minds of men ( both sexes ) in France ....'"

By 1798 however, he supported President John Adams and the Federalists ; he denounced passage of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions as he feared the social unrest and widespread executions that had followed the increasing radicalism of the French Revolution.