By this new Apostolic Letter, Pope Benedict XVI is merely extending such permission for wider pastoral application, but remains committed to “ the need to overcome past prejudices, misunderstandings, indifference and the language of contempt and hostility to continue the Jewish-Christian dialogue … to enrich and deepen the bonds of friendship which have developed .” ( Pope Benedict XVI, On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the promulgation of Nostra Aetate, October 27, 2005.

By trying to be both a serious survey of a bygone era and a showcase for today's artists, the program turned out to be a not-quite-perfect example of either.

By the 1930s the place would evolve to become her greatest legacy, the Whitney Museum of American Art, on the site of today's New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture.

By today's standards, the quake ranged from 8. 4 to 8. 8 on the Richter Scale, slightly stronger than the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.

By the 11th century, the area of today's Transylvania became a largely autonomous part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

By 1972, the clean and press was discontinued because athletes started to push with legs and bend backwards instead of strictly pressing the weight overhead, and this left the sole elements of what is today's modern Olympic weightlifting programme – the snatch and the clean and jerk. The snatch entails pulling with a wide grip the barbell overhead without pressing out with the arms. It is a very precise lift that can be nullified by a lack of balance of the athlete. The clean and jerk is more forgiving using a narrower grip pull the bar to the shoulders and then using the strength of the legs push until arms reach full extension without a press out.

By the end of the Carboniferous, when levels had lowered to something approaching today's, around 17 times more water was lost per unit of uptake.

By the end of the paleolithic, it had dropped 100 to 150 metres lower than today's sea level.

By 1820 Spanish influence was marked by the chain of missions reaching from Loreto, north to San Diego, to just north of today's San Francisco Bay Area and extended inland approximately 25 to 50 miles from the missions.

By that time, today's East Tyrol and Carinthia came to be referred to in historical sources as Provincia Sclaborum ( the Country of Slavs ).

By the Spring and Autumn Period ( 770 BC-476 BC ), the territory of today's Hubei was part of the powerful state of Chu.

By today's standards, csh may not seem particularly more C-like than many other popular scripting languages.

By the fifties the The National Interstate and Defense Highways Act of 1956 created today's interstate system, including Interstate 75.

By 1828, it had become today's Sumneytown Pike, and was a toll road until 1914.

By the 1980s, the pole dancing and highly explicit imagery associated with today's performers was widely accepted and frequently portrayed in film, television, and theater.

By the 1980s, the pole dancing and highly sexual imagery associated with today's performers was widely accepted and frequently portrayed in film, television, and theater.

By looking at some of today's voice actors ' careers, the majority of them became tread one of the following five paths:

By today's standards they were physically large ( about the size of a refrigerator ) and costly ( typically tens of thousands of US dollars ), and thus were rarely purchased by individuals.

By today's definition these were not true emulsion polymerizations, but suspension polymerizations.

By comparison, the three existing halls of the Music Center cost $ 35 million in the 1960s ( about $ 190 million in today's dollars ).

By 1884, along Bloor Street, several blocks were subdivided as far south as today's Morningside Avenue, then known as Grenadier Road, and as far east as the today's Kennedy Avenue.

By July 1937, when she petitioned to have the Judge declared officially dead, the judge's apparent widow was impoverished and reportedly living on $ 12 per week ( equivalent to approximately $ in today's funds ) she earned as a telephone operator in Belgrade Lakes, Maine.

By the 1820s, trappers from the Hudson's Bay Company were the first non-Native Americans to use the route of the future Pacific Highway to move between today's Washington State and " Alta California.

By comparison with the Flaming Youth of their fathers & mothers, today's younger generation is a still, small flame.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

By adopting a moderately liberal constitution in 1828, Pinto alienated both the federalists and the liberal factions.

By a decree of 27 December 1999, the constitution was suspended and all the institutions of government were dissolved.

By the terms of the Honduran constitution, this stalemate left the final choice of president up to the legislature, but that body was unable to obtain a quorum and reach a decision.

By Article 75 of the constitution of India, remuneration of the prime minister as well as other ministers are to be decided by the Parliament and is renewed from time to time.

By his day, he thought, " it is getting to be harder to run a constitution than to frame one.

By constitution referendum, he is elected as president ).

* April 17 – By Proclamation of the Queen of Canada on Parliament Hill, Canada patriates its constitution, gaining full political independence from the United Kingdom ; included is the country's first entrenched bill of rights.

* August 15 – By act of the U. S. Congress ( March 3 ), the Alabama Territory is created by splitting the Mississippi Territory in half, on the day the Mississippi constitution is drafted, four months before Mississippi became a State of the United States.

By the Decree of Kutná Hora () on 18 January 1409, the king subverted the university constitution by granting the Bohemian masters three votes.

By the constitution, King William was granted much more power than a King or Queen in a modern constitutional monarchy.

By the late 13th century, royal power had waned, and the nobility forced the king to grant a charter, considered Denmark's first constitution.

By the 1870s, Reconstruction had officially provided freedmen with equal rights under the constitution, and blacks were voting and taking political office.

By 9 February 1990, the Constituent Assembly had drafted and adopted a constitution.

By enacting a new constitution without consulting the Porte, Serbian diplomats confirmed the de facto independence of the country.

By the revision of 1922 universal suffrage was explicitly adopted in the constitution, after it had already been introduced by law in 1919.

By the end of 1918 the uncrowned monarch had abdicated and Finland had adopted a new republican constitution.

By the constitution of Basset, large advantages were secured to the tailleur, that is, literally, the dealer, or keeper of the bank, and so vast were his gains, that the privilege of keeping a bank at Basset, where the stakes were unlimited, was granted only to cadets or other members of great families, it being certain that a considerable fortune must be realised by the tailleur in a short time.

By 1879, the State of Louisiana had adopted a new constitution that prohibited the state's ability to grant slaughterhouse monopolies, devolving regulation of cattle slaughter to the parishes and municipalities, and further banning those subordinate governmental units from granting monopoly rights over such activities.

By semi-Salic law, the House of Hanover would have acceded to the Duchy of Brunswick, but there had been strong Prussian pressure against having George V of Hanover or his son, the Duke of Cumberland, succeed to a member state of the German Empire, at least without strong conditions, including swearing to the German constitution.

By the late 1970s, references to socialism in the republic's constitution were removed, and by 1991, the Polisario was explicitly pro-free-market.

By 1995, changes in other parts of the constitution lowered the age of maturity for government from 25 to 18 years, the same age as the civil maturity.

By consolidating power, < span lang =" fr "> Bonaparte </ span > was able to transform the aristocratic constitution of < span lang =" fr "> Sieyès </ span > into an unavowed dictatorship.

By this model, " important legal effects " including constitutional obligations and limits, may be created by the Bill of Rights implied into the Constitution, quite apart from an application of the written constitution.