The Labour Party voted at its 1960 Conference for unilateral nuclear disarmament, representing CND's greatest influence on national politics and coinciding with the highest level of public support for its policy of unilateralism.

CND's declared policies were the unconditional renunciation of the use, production of or dependence upon nuclear weapons by Britain and the bringing about of a general disarmament convention.

MI5 is also said to have suspected CND's treasurer, Cathy Ashton, of being a communist sympathiser because she shared a house with a communist.

CND's demonstration on the eve of Cruise missile deployment in October 1983 was one of the largest in British history, with 300, 000 taking part in London as three million protested across Europe.

It was a focus of local CND marches, its blast doors were fly posted and it was open to the public for a week in 1982 for CND's Hard Luck campaign which coincided with the dates of the cancelled Hard Rock exercise.

In 1979 they contributed to the revival of the peace movement by playing a number of benefit gigs with Crass and paying for the production of the first CND badges since CND's heyday.

CND's membership increased rapidly, and in the early 1980s it claimed 90, 000 national members and a further 250, 000 in local branches.

CND's previous objection to civil disobedience was dropped and it became a normal part of anti-nuclear protest.

CND's growing support in the 1980s provoked opposition from several sources, including Peace Through Nato, the British Atlantic Committee ( which received government funding ), Women and Families for Defence ( set up by conservative journalist Lady Olga Maitland to oppose the Greenham Common Peace Camp ), the Conservative Party's Campaign for Defence and Multilateral Disarmament, the Coalition for Peace through Security, the Foreign Affairs Research Institute, and The 61, a private sector intelligence agency.

Gerald Vaughan, a government minister, tried to halve government funding for the Citizens Advice Bureau, apparently because Joan Ruddock, CND's chair, was employed part-time at his local bureau.

CND's opponents claimed that CND was a Communist or Soviet-dominated organisation.

In 1990, it was discovered in the archive of the Stasi ( the state security service of the former German Democratic Republic ) that a member of CND's governing council, Vic Allen, had passed information to them about CND.

Brossolette returned to Paris for a third mission to reorganize the Parisian Resistance which was in disarray after successive Gestapo raids, in special by CND's dismantlement.

An account of CND's early history described it as " a visual adhesive to bind the March and later the whole Campaign together ... probably the most powerful, memorable and adaptable image ever designed for a secular cause.

CND's general secretary, Peggy Duff, had been Tribune general manager.

Several of the early CND's activists, including some members of its executive committee, had been supporters of the Direct Action Committee and in 1958 CND had cautiously accepted direct action as a possible method of campaigning.

In any case, Clausewitz saw military force as an instrument that states and other political actors use to pursue the ends of policy, in a dialectic between opposing wills, each with the aim of imposing his policies and will upon his enemy.

Workers ' activism after 1899 had been directed toward opposing Russification, and had also sought to develop a domestic policy that tackled social problems and responded to the demand for democracy.

In Chicago, sixty-two local African Methodist Episcopal churches voted their support for the Roosevelt administration's policy, while opposing any plan to send American troops overseas to fight.

Frank argues that Gandhi's assumption of emergency powers in 1975 resulted in the weakening of the " legitimate and impartial machinery of government ", and her increasing " paranoia " of opposing political groups led her to instigate a " despotic policy of playing castes, religions and political groups against each other for political advantage ".

President George W. Bush took the unusual step of publicly opposing the policy before the court issued a ruling.

From 1935 the First Labour Government showed a limited degree of idealism in foreign policy, for example opposing the appeasement of Germany and Japan.

Humphrey's critics later learned that Johnson had threatened Humphrey — Johnson told Humphrey that if he publicly opposed his Administration's Vietnam War policy, he would destroy Humphrey's chances to become President by opposing his nomination at the next Democratic Convention.

Mutual assured destruction, or mutually assured destruction ( MAD ), is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of high-yield weapons of mass destruction by two opposing sides would effectively result in the complete, utter and irrevocable annihilation of both the attacker and the defender, becoming thus a war that has no victory nor any armistice but only effective reciprocal destruction.

However, in practice, the effect ( and in most cases, the intent ) of even an even-handed ban on advocating or opposing a particular policy will be to entrench the status quo.

Hugo Black and William O. Douglas led the opposing faction ; they agreed the court should defer to Congress in matters of economic policy, but felt the judicial agenda had been transformed from questions of property rights to those of individual liberties, and in this area courts should play a more activist role.

With the Liberal Party actively opposing Disraeli's foreign policy during the Russo-Turkish War, Gladstone addressed approximately 30, 000 people at Bingley Hall on 31 May 1877 to found the National Liberal Federation, a federation of the country's Liberal Associations.

The opposing view, argued by Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and a number of influential Department of Defense policy makers such as Paul Wolfowitz and Richard Perle, held that direct and unilateral action was both possible and justified and that America should embrace the opportunities for democracy and security offered by its position as sole remaining superpower.

" While opposing the Reagan Doctrine as an official governmental policy, Cato instead urged Congress to remove the legal barriers prohibiting private organizations and citizens from supporting these resistance movements.

Marlborough had long had doubts about the Whig policy of ' No Peace without Spain ', but he was reluctant to abandon his allies ( including the Elector of Hanover, Anne's heir presumptive ), and sided with the Whigs in opposing the peace preliminaries.

Although Lynch quickly tried to impose party discipline, attempting to discipline her for opposing party policy at a parliamentary party meeting held at the 28th, de Valera correctly pointed out that she had not opposed the party policy regarding the North which called for the declaration of the British intent to withdraw from the north.

Although Lynch quickly tried to impose party discipline, attempting to discipline her for opposing party policy at a parliamentary party meeting held at the 28th of September, de Valera correctly pointed out that she had not opposed the party policy regarding the North which called for the declaration of the British intent to withdraw from the north.

I took it immediately as an uncompromising message to the opposing skipper that Waugh was sick to death of the bouncer policy that the West Indies have for so long adopted as their standard method of attack.

The other wing were powerful in senior levels of the trade union movement ( though few actually reached the very top in the unions ) and despite the party's decline in numbers were able to drive the TUC's policy of opposing the Industrial Relations Act.

Embodying the views of the Federalists, the treaty repudiated the foreign policy of the opposing party.

The Yugoslav Muslim by nationality policy was considered by Bosniaks to be neglecting and opposing their Bosnian identity because the term tried to describe Bosniaks as a religious group not an ethnic one.

Following COPE's 1996 defeat, the provincial Greens, reversed their policy of opposing coalitions with COPE and, over the strong objections of many longtime Vancouver Greens, pushed through a controversial plan to negotiate with COPE ( this plan was a key factor in the 2000 defeat of party leader Stuart Parker ).

In 1917, Cattell and English professor Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Dana ( grandson of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Richard Henry Dana, Jr .) were fired from Columbia University for opposing the United States ’ conscription policy during World War I.

Now, everyone knows -- or knew in the week of December 10 -- that something had gone shockingly wrong with American foreign policy.

Foreign policy is the total involvement of the American people with peoples and governments abroad.

The senior policy officer may be moved to think hard about a problem by any of an infinite variety of stimuli: an idea in his own head, the suggestions of a colleague, a question from the Secretary or the President, a proposal by another department, a communication from a foreign government or an American ambassador abroad, the filing of an item for the agenda of the United Nations or of any other of dozens of international bodies, a news item read at the breakfast table, a question to the President or the Secretary at a news conference, a speech by a Senator or Congressman, an article in a periodical, a resolution from a national organization, a request for assistance from some private American interests abroad, et cetera, ad infinitum.

His first thought is about the question itself: Is there a question here for American foreign policy, and, if so, what is it??

But he takes his bearings from the great guidelines of policy, well-established precedents, the commitments of the United States under international charters and treaties, basic statutes, and well-understood notions of the American people about how we are to conduct ourselves, in policy literature such as country papers and National Security Council papers accumulated in the Department.

American policy should press constantly the view that until these governments demand efficiency and effectiveness of their bureaucracies there is not the slightest hope that they will either modernize of democratize their societies.

It should be American policy not only to encourage effective land reform programs but also to underline the relation of such reforms to the economic growth and modernization of the society.

Thus, although the agenda of external assistance in the economic sphere are cumulative, and many of the policies suggested for nations in the earlier stages remain relevant, the basic purpose of American economic policy during the later stages of development should be to assure that movement into a stage of self-sustaining growth is not prevented by lack of foreign exchange.

American policy toward such societies should stress our sympathy for the emerging social and professional classes.

When the Yalta Conference opened, the American policy of postponing all discussion of Russia's western boundaries until the peace conference had broken down.

The ultimate objective of American policy is to help establish a world in which there is the largest possible measure of freedom and justice and peace and material prosperity ; ;

It follows that victory over Communism is the dominant, proximate goal of American policy.

On foreign and military policy, Lincoln spoke out against the Mexican – American War, which he attributed to President Polk's desire for " military glory — that attractive rainbow, that rises in showers of blood ".

The American Sociology Association ( ASA ) acknowledges Public sociology saying, " The intrinsic scientific, policy, and public relevance of this field of investigation in helping to construct ' good societies ' is unquestionable " (" Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity ".

) Some observers argue that, while academicians often perceive themselves as members of an elite, their influence is mostly imaginary: " Professors of humanities, with all their leftist fantasies, have little direct knowledge of American life and no impact whatever on public policy.

Anita Faye Hill ( born July 30, 1956 ) is an American attorney and academic, currently a professor of social policy, law and women's studies at Brandeis University's Heller School for Social Policy and Management.

It has been asserted by Mansoor Ijaz that in 1996 while the Clinton Administration had begun pursuit of the policy, the Sudanese government allegedly offered to arrest and extradite Bin Laden as well as to provide the United States detailed intelligence information about growing militant organizations in the region, including Hezbollah and Hamas, and that U. S. authorities allegedly rejected each offer, despite knowing of bin Laden's involvement in bombings on American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.

4655 into law on October 31, 1998, which instituted a policy of " regime change " against Iraq, though it explicitly stated it did not provide for direct intervention on the part of American military forces.

Brazilian foreign policy has recently aimed to strengthen ties with other South American countries, engage in multilateral diplomacy through the United Nations and the Organization of American States, and act at times as a countervailing force to U. S. political and economic influence in Latin America.

Instead of pursuing unilateral prerogatives, Brazilian foreign policy has tended to emphasize regional integration, first through the Southern Cone Common Market ( Mercosul ) and now the Union of South American Nations.

The American Red Cross ' policy is as follows:

The goal of this policy is to create a market in which Canadian networks can realize revenue through advertising sales in spite of their inability to match the rates that the much larger American networks can afford to pay for syndicated programming.