These concepts were later used in the Internet protocol ; CYCLADES was one of the predecessor systems with the greatest technical influence on the Internet.

Hubert Zimmerman used his experience in CYCLADES to influence the design of the OSI 7 layer model, which is still an extremely common pedagogical device.

Various aspects of OSI design evolved from experiences with the ARPANET, the fledgling Internet, NPLNET, EIN, CYCLADES network and the work in IFIP WG6. 1.

CYCLADES alumni and researchers at IRIA / INRIA were also influential in spreading the Internet in France, eventually witnessing the success of the datagram-based Internet, and the demise of the X. 25 and ATM virtual circuit networks.

Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols.

Cerf credits Hubert Zimmerman and Louis Pouzin, designer of the CYCLADES network, with important influences on this design.

Prior to OSI, networking was largely either government-sponsored ( ARPANET, CYCLADES ) or vendor-developed and proprietary standards such as SNA and DECnet.

The term datagram appeared first within the project CYCLADES, a packet switching network created in the early 1970s, and was coined by Louis Pouzin by combining the words data and telegram.

CYCLADES was the first network to make the hosts responsible for the reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself, using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms.

The term was coined by Louis Pouzin, a pioneer in packet-switching technology and founder of the CYCLADES network, at a time when network meant what is now called a local area network.

The CYCLADES packet switching network () was a French research network created in the early 1970s.

The CYCLADES network was the first to make the hosts responsible for the reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself, using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms.

CYCLADES was designed and directed by Louis Pouzin.

Data transmission was a state monopoly in France at the time, and IRIA needed a special dispensation to run the CYCLADES network.

As mentioned, the most important legacy of CYCLADES was in showing that moving the responsibility for reliability into the hosts was workable, and produced a well-functioning service network.

Louis Pouzin and the CYCLADES alumni initiated a number of follow-on projects at IRIA to experiment with local area networks, satellite networks, the Unix operating system, and the message passing operating system Chorus.

Louis Pouzin ( born 1931 in Chantenay-Saint-Imbert, Nièvre, France ) invented the datagram and designed an early packet communications network, CYCLADES.

CYCLADES was an experimental French network.

RCP was a virtual-circuit network in contrast to CYCLADES which was based on datagrams.

RCP emphasised terminal to host and terminal to terminal connection ; CYCLADES was concerned with host-to-host communication.

Combinations of approaches two and four are often used in a layered architecture with thin layers of two and thick layers of four.

With the appropriate programming any batch program that used formatted, structured card input could be layered onto a 3270 terminal.

Puff pastry seems to be a relative of the Middle Eastern phyllo, and is used in a similar manner to create layered pastries.

Prefixes are used in connection with clouds: strato-for low clouds with limited convection that form mostly in layers, nimbo-for thick layered clouds that can produce moderate to heavy precipitation, alto-for middle clouds, and cirro-for high clouds.

DAML + OIL was a syntax, layered on RDF and XML, that could be used to describe sets of facts making up an ontology.

It is also used to make rellenos de pana ( mashed breadfruit filled with seasoned meat, mofongo, tostones de pana ( double fried breadfruit ), and even lasagna de pana ( cooked mashed breadfruit layered with meat and topped with cheese ).

A trifle is often used for decoration as well as taste, incorporating the bright, layered colours of the fruit, jelly, egg custard, and the contrast of the cream.

Locks are often used in combination with alarms to provide layered security.

Leotards are used for a variety of purposes, including yoga, cardiovascular exercise, dance ( particularly for ballet and / or modern ), as pajamas, for additional layered warmth under clothing, and for recreational and casual wear.

The ' trench method ' is used for searching and excavating ancient ruins or to dig into strata of sedimented material to get a sideways ( layered ) view of the deposits – with a hope of being able to place found objects or materials in a chronological order.

It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks.

The game used a layered windowing system called ZoomAction.

In the mid 1950 ’ s Brant felt that “ single-style music … could no longer evoke the new stresses, layered insanities, and multi-directional assaults of contemporary life on the spirit .” In pursuit of an optimal framework for the presentation of a music which embraced such a simultaneity of musical textures and styles, Brant made a series of experiments and compositions exploring the potential for the physical position of sounds in space to be used as an essential compositional element.

Since the absorption of each material is different for different frequencies of sound, the materials used often vary based on the intended purpose of the room, though compound partitions, or layered combinations of different materials, make more effective absorbers.

A strong reggae and ragga influence emerged in 1991 and 1992, with uplifting piano melody loops or Jamaican reggae samples used at normal speed layered on top of frenetic 150 to 170 BPM breakbeats.

Plums used for making umeboshi are harvested in late May or early June, while they are still green, and layered with salt.

Lasers of up to 400 W are used for selective laser melting of metals in additive layered manufacturing.

In some cases, moussaka is also decoratively layered on top of grape leaves ( a common ingredient in Greek cuisine, also used for example in dolmades ).

The Moffat area west of rue Desmarchais was built in with " plexes "-the typical Montreal layered apartment-between 1920 and 1930, and the Crawford Bridge area in the far west of the town was built starting in 1945, in a more suburban style unlike the orthogonal grid used in the rest of Verdun.

Aluminium foil can be used to support large areas, where the foil is scrunched into a shape and then layered with Fimo.

Sheffield plate is a layered combination of silver and copper that was used for many years to produce a wide range of household articles.

Variations of the above basic dish include " cheese vada pav " ( where slices of cheese are added ); there is " schezwan vada pav " ( where the pav is layered with schezwan sauce ); " samosa pav " ( where a samosa is used instead of a vada ); and " Jain vada pav " ( where vada ingredients do not include onions, garlic and potatoes ).

In order to support this diverse environment, AOCE included a robust layered protocol stack that, in theory, could be used with practically any store-and-forward type of environment.

Brads can be used to hold the four corners of one piece of cardstock on top of another to create a layered effect.

.</ ref > In 2010 Yoav also used a loop pedal to build a layered acoustic version.