Caesar himself commanded the cavalry, he posted the notorious tenth legion on his right under Sulla, with the undermanned eighth and possibly the ninth on his left under Antonius.

Octavian complained that Antony had no authority for being in Egypt ; that his execution of Sextus Pompeius was illegal ; that his treachery to the king of Armenia disgraced the Roman name ; that he had not sent half the proceeds of the spoils to Rome according to his agreement ; that his connection with Cleopatra and the acknowledgment of Caesarion as a legitimate son of Julius Caesar were a degradation of his office and a menace to himself.

However, Constantius realised that too many threats still faced the Empire, and he could not possibly handle all of them by himself, so on 6 November 355, he elevated his last remaining relative, Julian, to the rank of Caesar.

Julius Caesar himself was known for his admiration of his escort of Germanic mixed cavalry, giving rise to the Cohortae Equitates.

Ignatius, himself appointed to his office in an uncanonical manner, opposed Caesar Bardas, who had deposed the regent Theodora.

During his Danube sojourn ( Drinkwater suggests in 255 or 256 ) he proclaimed his elder son Valerian II Caesar and thus official heir to himself and Valerian I ; the boy probably now joined Gallienus on campaign and when Gallienus moved west to the Rhine provinces in 257 remained behind on the Danube as the personification of Imperial authority.

But this arrangement soon gave way before the ambition of one of these tetrarchs, Deiotarus, the contemporary of Cicero and Julius Caesar, who made himself master of the other two tetrarchies and was finally recognized by the Romans as ' king ' of Galatia.

The nature of Caesar ’ s arrangement with the Helvetii and the other tribes is not further specified by the consul himself, but in his speech

' When you say such you do not mean that the stone itself is Caesar, but rather, the name and honor you ascribe to the statue passes over to the original, the archetype, Caesar himself.

In 46 BC, Caesar gave himself the title of " Prefect of the Morals ", which was an office that was new only in name, as its powers were identical to those of the censors.

However, for himself, Suetonius says Caesar said nothing.

In need of support, in 351 he made Julian's half-brother, Gallus, Caesar of the East, while Constantius II himself turned his attention westward to Magnentius, whom he defeated decisively that year.

" was common for Caesar in his writings to refer to himself in the third person.

At one point Macbeth even compares himself to Antony, saying " under Banquo / My Genius is rebuk'd, as it is said / Mark Antony's was by Caesar.

* 350 – Vetranio is asked by Constantina, sister of Constantius II, to proclaim himself Caesar.

Antony made himself ever available to assist Caesar in carrying out his military campaigns.

:::::::: By all means let Cato in his life be greater than Julius Caesar himself ;

The second well-known incident of a leader extending his term indefinitely was Roman dictator Julius Caesar, who made himself " Perpetual Dictator " ( commonly mistranslated as ' Dictator-for-life ') in 45 BC.

Caesar Baronius, writing in the 16th century, and basing himself on Luitprand, was particularly scathing, describing Sergius as:

Of more symbolic importance, the treaty referred to Charles V not as ' Emperor ', but in rather plainer terms as the ' King of Spain ', leading Suleiman to consider himself the true ' Caesar '.

After the usurper Maxentius declared himself Caesar, Augustus Flavius Valerius Severus | Severus marched on Rome but was defeated when his troops deferred to Maxentius.

According to Plutarch, Vercingetorix surrendered in dramatic fashion, riding his beautifully adorned horse out of Alesia and around Caesar's camp before dismounting in front of Caesar, stripping himself of his armor and sitting down at his opponent's feet, where he remained motionless until he was taken away.

Mark Antony presents Caesar with a royal diadem, urging him to take it and declare himself king.

Of these Caesar only names the Verbigeni and the Tigurini, while Poseidonios mentions the Tigurini and the Toygenoi ( Τωυγενοί ).

Julius Caesar mentions in his Gallic Wars that those Celts who wanted to make a close study of druidism went to Britain to do so.

While Julius Caesar was well informed about the regions and tribes on the eastern banks of the Rhine, he never mentions the Chatti.

Caesar mentions the effectiveness of this formation in his Civil War Commentaries ( I. XLIV ).

In historic times the town was first recorded in the journals of Julius Caesar, in his commentaries detailing his conquest of Gaul, as the largest town of the Sequani, a smaller Gaulic tribe ; Caesar gave the name of the town as Vesontio ( possibly Latinized ), and mentions that a wooden palisade surrounded it.

Caesar dated their departure to the 28th of March, and mentions that they burned all their towns and their villages so as to discourage thoughts among undecided client tribes or enemies to occupy their vacated realm.

In defence of the identification of the group as the Domitii Ahenobarbi and of the boy as Gnaeus, Pollini has pointed out that Suetonius specifically mentions that Nero's father went " to the East on the staff of the young Gaius Caesar ".

Caesar mentions his father-in-law in his Gallic Commentaries.

Servianus is saluted as consul, and Hadrian mentions his ( adopted ) son Lucius Aelius Caesar: but Hadrian was in Egypt in 130, Servianus's consulship fell in 134, and Hadrian adopted Aelius in 136.

When the headmaster ( Edward Hermann ) explains the contest to the students, he mentions that Martin's father was once a " Mr. Julius Caesar.

Caesar mentions four kings, Segovax, Carvilius, Cingetorix and Taximagulus, who held power in Cantium at the time of his second expedition in 54 BC.

( Caesar also mentions his allies the Remi being closest to the Celts amongst the Belgae.

Julius Caesar mentions them as Nantuates Sednnos Veragrosqne.

Caesar mentions that the Segni and the Condrusi lived between the Treveri and the Eburones, and that the Condrusii and Eburones were clients of the Treveri.

Tacitus suggests that it was in this very region that the term Germani started to be used, even though he mentions a tribe Caesar did not mention, the Tungri. The name Germany, on the other hand, they say, is modern and newly introduced, from the fact that the tribes which first crossed the Rhine and drove out the Gauls, and are now called Tungrians, were then called Germans.

The passage, and Volusenus's documented loyalty to Caesar, was thus interpreted to mean that he was a supporter of Mark Antony, but two other manuscripts indicate that the proper noun is in fact a verb ( voluissent ) and neither Cicero nor any other source mentions Volusenus among Antony's followers.

One of the earliest known mentions of the Dorking was by the Roman agricultural writer Columella during the reign of Julius Caesar.

Although Caesar mentions that the remnants of the Cimbri and Teutones formed a new tribe in Belgic Gaul, the Aduatuci, he does not mention any remnants of the Ambrones.