They were considered a Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of Protestant Reformers, including Martin Luther ( 1483 – 1546 ), John Calvin ( 1509 – 1564 ) and John Wesley ( 1703 – 1791 ).

Although Calvin respected the work of the ecumenical councils, he considered them to be subject to God's Word, the teaching of scripture.

Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli are considered Magisterial Reformers because their reform movements were supported by ruling authorities or " magistrates ".

In 1953, Calvin S. Hall developed a theory of dreams in which dreaming is considered to be a cognitive process.

The Protestant reformer John Calvin said that repentance " may be justly defined to be “ a true conversion of our life to God, proceeding from a serious fear of God, and consisting in the mortification of the flesh and of the old man, and in the vivification of the Spirit .” He further said that " it will be useful to amplify and explain the definition we have given ; in which there are three points to be particularly considered.

Servetus sent Calvin several more letters, to which Calvin took offense .< ref > Will Durant < cite > The Story of Civilization: The Reformation </ cite > Chapter XXI, page 481 </ ref > Thus, Calvin's antagonism against Servetus seems to have been based not simply on his views but also on Servetus's tone, which he considered inappropriate.

The Protestant pastor and theologian of Geneva John Calvin decreed that, in order for a couple to be considered married, they must be registered by the state in addition to a church ceremony.

In 1924, Pinchot considered challenging President Calvin Coolidge for the Republican nomination, but ultimately declined to run for the presidency.

Both Luther, who taught soul sleep till the resurrection of the dead, and Calvin, who taught the immortal soul, considered the " outer darkness " references in Matthew to refer to the last judgment.

It vigorously attacked the teachings of those Calvin considered unorthodox, particularly Roman Catholicism to which Calvin says he had been " strongly devoted " before his conversion to Protestantism.

Simons is considered one of the best known leaders of the Reformation alongside Luther, Calvin and Zwingli.

While new President Calvin Coolidge initially resisted calls to sack Daugherty, Hoover and Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes prevailed upon him to eliminate a man whom they considered to be a corrupt official.

The term is sometimes used more broadly and considered to have begun in the 1500s with Niccolò Machiavelli, Martin Luther and John Calvin ; to have also included Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Francis Bacon, Giambattista Vico, Voltaire and Thomas Paine ; and to have ended at the latest in 1804 with the death of Immanuel Kant.

King Street ( along with Bridge Street ) is considered Manchester's most upmarket shopping area ; it includes stores such as Hermès, Whistles, Gant, Karen Millen, Kookai, Emporio Armani, DKNY, Ted Baker, Hugo Boss, Tommy Hilfiger, Diesel, Timberland, Calvin Klein Jeans, Polo Ralph Lauren, Max Mara, Adolfo Dominguez, Paul Smith, Jaeger, Agent Provocateur, Mulberry, Thomas Pink, Reiss, Crombie amongst others.

and considered a muse by Calvin Klein, landing a contract for the perfume " Contradiction " with fellow Liberty Heights costar, Justin Chambers.

Evidently his education, zeal and theological knowledge were so outstanding that he was considered to be one of the most learned men of his time, equal, if not superior, to John Calvin.

" Calvin and Hobbes was first published on November 18, 1985.

His syndicate, which has since become Universal Uclick, has said that the painting was the first new artwork from Watterson that the syndicate has seen since Calvin and Hobbes ended in 1995.

A photograph of President Calvin Coolidge sent from New York to London on November 29, 1924 became the first photo picture reproduced by transoceanic radio facsimile.

* 1924 – U. S. President Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President to deliver a radio broadcast from the White House.

Alex Soma's Horrors of the Screen, Calvin T. Beck's Journal of Frankenstein ( later Castle of Frankenstein ) and Gary Svehla ’ s Gore Creatures were the first horror fanzines created as more serious alternatives to the popular Forrest J Ackerman 1958 magazine Famous Monsters of Filmland.

The first single, " On Point ," is noted for taking a swipe at another American rapper who claimed Irish heritage, " Marky Mark " ( Mark Wahlberg ) (" Calvin Klein's no friend of mine / So I don't like Marky ").

In the earlier part of the century, the teachings of first Martin Luther and then John Calvin began to influence Scotland.

Prior to the start of the Great Depression, Hoover's first Treasury Secretary, Andrew Mellon, had proposed and seen enacted, numerous tax cuts, which cut the top income tax rate from 73 % to 24 % ( under Presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge ).

After religious tensions provoked a violent uprising against Protestants in France, Calvin fled to Basel, Switzerland, where he published the first edition of his seminal work The Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536.

By 1532, Calvin received his licentiate in law and published his first book, a commentary on Seneca's De Clementia.

In March 1536, Calvin published the first edition of his Institutio Christianae Religionis or Institutes of the Christian Religion.

Although the first edition sold out within a year, Calvin was dissatisfied with its structure as a catechism, a primer for young Christians.

At first Pierre Viret was consulted, but when he refused, the council asked Calvin.

Calvin had written an earlier catechism during his first stay in Geneva which was largely based on Martin Luther's Large Catechism.

Calvin and Servetus were first brought into contact in 1546 through a common acquaintance, Jean Frellon of Lyon.

Calvin regarded the first three offices as temporary, limited in their existence to the time of the New Testament.

In 2010 Calvin Borel set a new record, being the first jockey to win 3 out of 4 consecutive Kentucky Derbys.

The first modern implementation was by the Geneva church under the leadership of John Calvin in 1541.

In the 1920 election, he and his running mate, Calvin Coolidge, defeated Democrat and fellow Ohioan James M. Cox in the largest presidential popular vote landslide ( 60. 36 % to 34. 19 %) since popular vote totals were first recorded in 1824.

* March 3 – The first paper is published describing the Atomic force microscope, invented the previous year by Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate and Christopher Berger.

** The inauguration of Calvin Coolidge as President of the United States becomes the first to be broadcast on radio.

Calvin Coolidge's 1923 speech was the first to be broadcast on radio.

The reformers soon disagreed among themselves and divided their movement according to doctrinal differences — first between Luther and Zwingli, later between Luther and John Calvin — consequently resulting in the establishment of different and rival Protestant Churches ( denominations ), such as the Lutheran, the Reformed, the Puritans, and the Presbyterian.

After this first stage of the Reformation, following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere.

After coming off the bench and using his shoes to help the Knight to a late victory against the San Antonio Spurs, Calvin earns a place on the team.

) Dr. Calvin concludes that the " glitches " are deliberate acts by the Machines, allowing a small amount of harm to come to selected individuals in order to prevent a large amount of harm coming to humanity as a whole.

While Calvin attempts to figure out how to deal with the coming threat of direct competition from Quentin's flashy establishment, his barbers have issues of their own.

In order to make salary cap room for the signing of free-agent-to-be Michael Redd in the coming off season, on February 24, 2005 the Bucks traded Van Horn to the Dallas Mavericks for the expiring contracts of Alan Henderson, Calvin Booth and cash.

* On Chappelle's Show during the " WacArnold's " sketch, Calvin ( played by Dave Chappelle ) announces that the Rib Sandwich is " coming back on Tuesday, and guess who's not getting one?!

Since coming to New York, has recorded and performed with the likes of John Zorn, Marc Ribot, Christian Marclay, Calvin Weston, Eyvind Kang, Billy Martin ( percussionist ), Nicolas Collins, Zeena Parkins, James Pugliese, John King, Michael Schumacher, and many others.