Not on good terms with Caracalla, Geta had been invited to a family reconciliation, at which time he was ambushed by centurions in Caracalla's army and slain in his mother Julia's arms.

Caracalla left for the frontier, where for the rest of his short reign he was known for his unpredictable and arbitrary operations launched by surprise after a pretext of peace negotiations.

Also, Caracalla perhaps felt more comfortable about campaigning in the upper Main because he was not declaring war on any specific historic tribe, such as the Chatti or Cherusci, against whom Rome had suffered grievous losses.

The first known mention of the word was in the third century AD in a book called Liber Medicinalis ( sometimes known as De Medicina Praecepta Saluberrima ) by Quintus Serenus Sammonicus, physician to the Roman emperor Caracalla, who prescribed that malaria sufferers wear an amulet containing the word written in the form of a triangle:

In 217, the emperor Caracalla was assassinated and replaced by his Praetorian prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.

His mother Julia Soaemias was a cousin of Roman emperor Caracalla.

Elagabalus ' mother publicly declared that he was the illegitimate son of Caracalla, therefore due the loyalties of Roman soldiers and senators who had sworn allegiance to Caracalla.

Caracalla and Julia Domna were both deified by the Senate, both Julia Maesa and Julia Soaemias were elevated to the rank of Augustae, and the memory of both Macrinus and Diadumenianus was condemned by the Senate.

When afterwards Severus declared openly his son Caracalla as successor, Albinus was hailed emperor by his troops and moved to Gallia.

Plautianus's daughter, Fulvia Plautilla, was married to Severus's son, Caracalla.

He was succeeded by his sons Caracalla and Geta, who reigned under the influence of their mother, Julia Domna.

" Caracalla " was a nickname referring to the Gallic hooded tunic he habitually wore.

Upon his father's death, Caracalla was proclaimed co-emperor with his brother Geta.

Reigning alone, Caracalla was noted for lavish bribes to the legionaries and unprecedented cruelty, authorizing numerous assassinations of perceived enemies and rivals.

Younger son of Severus, Geta was made co-emperor with his older brother Caracalla upon his father's death.

Geta was assassinated in his mother's apartments by order of Caracalla, who thereafter ruled as sole Augustus.

Although coming from a humble background that was not dynastically related to the Severan dynasty, he rose through the imperial household until, under the emperor Caracalla, he was made prefect of the praetorian guard.

On April 8, 217, Caracalla was assassinated traveling to Carrhae.

However, his downfall was his refusal to award the pay and privileges promised to the eastern troops by Caracalla.

She spread a rumor that Elagabalus was the secret son of Caracalla.

This revolt spread to the entire Syrian army ( which, at the time, was swollen with troops raised by the Emperor Caracalla, and not fully loyal to Macrinus ), and eventually they were to win the short struggle that followed by defeating Macrinus at a battle just outside Antioch.

These were Domitian whose violent death in 96 ended the Flavian Dynasty, the co-emperor Publius Septimius Geta, whose memory was publicly expunged by his co-emperor brother Caracalla after he murdered him in 211, and in 311 Maximian, who was captured by Constantine the Great and then encouraged to commit suicide.

" Elagabalus " was son of Sextus Varius Marcellus, a Syrian, and Julia Soaemis, daughter of Julia Maesa ( the younger sister of Julia Domna, wife of Septimius Severus ); he was therefore nephew of the late " Caracalla ", whose natural son he claimed to be ( note that he took the same name as Caracalla upon donning the purple ).

Fourteen days later, the 125 S claimed Ferrari's first victory at the Grand Prix of Rome on Caracalla, where it was also driven by Cortese.

Caracalla tried to murder Geta during the festival of Saturnalia without success.

When Severus died at York in 211, his eldest son, Caracalla tried to claim the throne.

The Alemanni were first mentioned by Cassius Dio describing the campaign of Caracalla in 213.

True or not, Caracalla, pursued by devils of his own, left Rome never to return.

Whether or not the Alemanni had been previously neutral, they were certainly further influenced by Caracalla to become thereafter notoriously implacable enemies of Rome.

Before the mention of Alemanni in the time of Caracalla, you would search in vain for Alemanni in the moderately detailed geography of southern Germany in Claudius Ptolemy, written in Greek in the mid-2nd century ; it is likely that at that time, the people who later used that name were known by other designations.

* 217 – Roman Emperor Caracalla is assassinated ( and succeeded ) by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.

Caracalla left with a punitive expedition, but by the following year his ailing father had died and he and his brother left the province to press their claim to the throne.

When the emperor Macrinus came to power, he suppressed the threat against his reign by the family of his assassinated predecessor, Caracalla, by exiling them — Julia Maesa, her two daughters, and her eldest grandson Elagabalus — to their estate at Emesa in Syria.

The senators responded by acknowledging Elagabalus as emperor and accepting his claim to be the son of Caracalla.

Emperor Caracalla ( 2nd-3rd c. AD ) had formed a Macedonian phalanx of 16, 000 men all born in Macedonia and commanded by officers bearing the names of Alexander's officers.

* 218 – Julia Maesa, aunt of the assassinated Caracalla, is banished to her home in Syria by the self-proclaimed emperor Macrinus and declares her 14-year old grandson Elagabalus, emperor of Rome.

Severus died in early 211 at Eboracum, succeeded by his sons Caracalla and Geta.

Roman Intaglio ( printmaking ) | intaglio engraved gem of Caracalla in amethyst, once in the Treasury of Sainte-Chapelle.

In retribution Caracalla then led the Legio II Traiana Fortis against the Alemanni, who lost and were pacified for a time.

The Historia Augusta, Life of Antoninus Caracalla, relates ( 10. 5 ) that Caracalla then assumed the name Alemannicus, at which Helvius Pertinax jested that he should really be called Geticus Maximus, because in the year before he had murdered his brother, Geta.

It did not include the upper Main, but that is where Caracalla campaigned.

Alexander's dedication of On Fate to Septimius Severus and Caracalla, in gratitude for his position at Athens, indicates a date between 198 and 209.

Emperors Caracalla and Publius Septimius Geta, were his mother's maternal cousins.

The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are just one example.

Many excellent examples of structures made from these concretes are still standing, notably the huge dome of the Pantheon in Rome and the massive Baths of Caracalla.

Galen compliments Severus and Caracalla on keeping a supply of drugs for their friends and mentions three cases in which they had been of use in 198 AD.

The emperor had not come all that way to leave without a victory, however, and it is likely that he wished to provide his teenage sons Caracalla and Geta with first-hand experience of controlling a hostile barbarian land.

For instance, generals Marcus Antonius Primus and Gnaeus Julius Agricola were both born in Gaul, as were emperors Claudius and Caracalla.