Though nowadays most cardinals are also bishops, the term Cardinal bishops only refers to the cardinals that are titular bishops of one of the " suburbicarian " sees.

Due to the increasing involvement of the Cardinal bishops in the curia, their dioceses ( except Ostia, which is administered by the Holy See ) are administered by diocesan bishops.

Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops.

“ Acting in the place of the Roman Pontiff, he also confers the pallium upon metropolitan bishops or gives the pallium to their proxies .” The current Cardinal Proto-Deacon is Jean-Louis Tauran.

At Lothair ’ s request, Cardinal Gherardo and two bishops then sent word to Rome to obtain Honorius ’ confirmation of the election, which he granted.

As a result, more than 90 % of present-day bishops trace their episcopal lineage through him to Cardinal Rebiba.

He directed the dismissal of Cardinal Odet de Coligny and seven bishops, nullified the royal edict tolerating the extramural services of the Reformers, introduced the Roman catechism, restored papal discipline, and strenuously opposed all compromise with the Huguenot nobility.

He had himself carried into the chapter-house, issued various decrees for the benefit of the abbey, appointed with the consent of the monks the prior, Cardinal Oderisius, to succeed him in the abbacy, just as he himself had been appointed by Stephen IX, and proposed Odo of Ostia to the assembled cardinals and bishops as the next pope.

Senior French Cardinal Achille Liénart addressed the Council, saying that the bishops could not intelligently vote for strangers.

Its principal building, the Rohan Castle ( Château des Rohan ), is the former residence of the bishops of Strasbourg, rebuilt by Cardinal de Rohan in 1779, it was used by the Germans as barracks.

She was accompanied by her husband, Martin, Cardinal Desmond Connell, Mary Hanafin, the Minister for Education and Science, together with bishops and other pilgrims.

While requests by groups of Catholics wishing to use the Tridentine liturgy in parish Masses are to be dealt with by the parish priest ( or the rector of the church ) rather than, as before, by the local bishop, the Pope and Cardinal Darío Castrillón have stated that the bishops ' authority is not thereby undermined.

In 1869 he went to the Vatican Council as secretary to Cardinal Hohenlohe, and took an active part in opposing the dogma of papal infallibility, notably by supplying the opposition bishops with historical and theological material.

He made a similar point in a speech to the bishops of Chile in 1988, when he was still Cardinal Ratzinger:

Black had been granted access to Duplessis ’ s papers, housed in Duplessis ’ s former residence in Trois-Rivières, which included “ figures from the famous Union Nationale Caisse Electorale ( the party war chest ), a copy of the leader of the Opposition ’ s tax returns, gossip from bishops ,” as well as “ historically significant letters from Cardinal Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve side-by-side with hand-written, ungrammatical requests for jobs with the Quebec Liquor Board, unpaid bills, the returns of his ministers who were cheating on their taxes, a number of scribbled notes for Assembly speeches, tidbits of political espionage, compromising photographs, a ledger listing the political contributions of every tavern-keeper in the province .” Black subsequently had the principal items from the papers copied and microfilmed, and donated copies to McGill, York, and Windsor universities.

In a 1988 address to the bishops of Chile, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger spoke of Vatican II as a " pastoral council " with a modest intent, and not as a " rupture with tradition " as described by Marcel Lefebvre.

But the number of such decorative treatments of religious subjects declined sharply, as did " unbecomingly or confusedly arranged " Mannerist pieces, as a number of books, notably by the Flemish theologian Molanus, Saint Charles Borromeo and Cardinal Gabriele Paleotti, and instructions by local bishops, amplified the decrees, often going into minute detail on what was acceptable.

The seven suburbicarian dioceses are Roman Catholic dioceses located in the vicinity of Rome, whose ( titular ) bishops form the highest-ranking order of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishops.

The increasing involvement of the Cardinal bishops in the administration of the papal curia resulted in a detachment from their dioceses.

In 1962, Pope John XXIII in his decree Suburbicarii Sedis turned the Cardinal bishops into mere titular bishops and appointed diocesan bishops for Velletri-Segni, Porto-Santa-Rufina, Frascati, Palestrina, Albano and Sabina.

Most notably, early in 1937, Pacelli asked several German cardinals, including Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber to help him write a protest of Nazi violations of the Reichskonkordat ; this was to become Pius XI's 1937 encyclical, Mit brennender Sorge.

The northern cardinals, led by Cardinal Aymeric de Borgogne ( the Papal Chancellor ), were equally determined to ensure that the elected pope would be one of their candidates.

The antipope Clement VII died at Avignon on 16 September 1394, but the French cardinals quickly elected a successor on 28 September: Cardinal Pedro de Luna, who took the name Benedict XIII.

At length the cardinals agreed to resort to the old expedient of electing a cardinal of advanced years, and proposed Cardinal Altieri, an octogenarian, whose long life had been spent in the service of the Church, and whom Clement IX, on the eve of his death, had raised to the dignity of the purple.

Cardinal Altieri, who was at the head of the government, determined to increase the revenues, and he established a new tax of three percent upon all merchandise entering the city, including even goods for cardinals and ambassadors.

He would have resigned the papacy and recommended a successor ( Cardinal Giovanni di San Paolo, OSB ) shortly before his death, but was not allowed to do so by the cardinals.

Frederick, however, controlled as his unwilling guests in Tivoli two cardinals whom he had captured at sea, and in Rome Cardinal Giovanni Colonna was his ally, largely because the curia was in the hands of the Colonna archenemy, the senator Matteo Rosso Orsini.

In 1130, as Pope Honorius II lay dying, the cardinals decided to entrust the election to a commission of eight men led by papal chancellor Haimeric, who had his candidate Cardinal Gregory Papareschi hastily elected as Pope Innocent II.

The other cardinals announced that Innocent had not been canonically elected and chose Cardinal Pietro Pierleoni, a Roman whose family were the enemy of Haimeric's supporters, the Frangipani ; Pierleoni took the name Pope Anacletus II.

After five months, Cardinal Pignatelli emerged as a compromise candidate between the cardinals of France and the Holy Roman Empire.

Paul III died on 10 November 1549, and in the ensuing conclave the forty-eight cardinals were divided into three factions: the Imperials, the French, and the adherents of Paul III's grandson, Cardinal Ottavio Farnese.

After his death Sixtus IV and a selected group of cardinals inspected the treasure laid up against expenditures against the Turks: they found 54 silver shells filled with pearls, to a value of 300, 000 ducats, jewels and gold intended for refashioning, worth another 300, 000 ducats, and a magnificent diamond worth 7, 000 ducats, which was sent to Cardinal d ' Estouteville to cover monies he had advanced to the pontiff.

The French cardinals left Rome that summer and declared Urban's election invalid because of mob intimidation ( a reason that had not been cited at the time of the election ) and elected Cardinal Robert of Geneva as Pope Clement VII that September.

Cardinal Camillo di Pietro gave the funeral ovation for the late Pope, before the cardinals entered the conclave.

Mar Emmanuel III Delly, the Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church, was the first Patriarch to be elevated to Cardinal, joining the college of cardinals in November 2007.

In 1983, the scientific name was changed again to Cardinalis cardinalis and the common name was changed to " Northern Cardinal ", to avoid confusion with the seven other species also termed cardinals.

The common name, as well as the scientific name, of the Northern Cardinal refers to the cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church, who wear distinctive red robes and caps.

On 17 August, Pius VI wrote to Louis XVI of his intent to consult with the cardinals about this, but on 10 October Cardinal Rochefoucauld, the Archbishop of Aix, and 30 of France's 131 bishops sent their negative evaluation of the main points of the Civil Constitution to the pope.

During the Conclave following John Paul I's death, Cardinal Gantin was thought to be one of the papabili, those cardinals who are considered favorites to be elected pope.

In 1130, Pope Honorius II lay dying and the cardinals decided that they would entrust the election to a commission of eight men, led by papal chancellor Haimeric, who had his candidate Cardinal Gregory Papareschi hastily elected as Pope Innocent II.

Lustiger was never elected as head of the Conférence des évêques de France ( French Episcopal Conference ) by his peers, with whom he was not popular, but he was elected a member of the Académie Française in 1995, succeeding Albert Decourtray and bypassing Cardinal Paul Poupard.

The Episcopal Seminary of Albano was created in 1628 by Cardinal Bishop Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia, and remained open until 1921.

On 7 March 2007 Pope Benedict XVI named Archbishop Angelo Bagnasco to succeed Cardinal Ruini as President of the Italian Episcopal Conference.

In October 2011, Cardinal Péter Erdő, 59, Metropolitan Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest, President of the Hungarian Episcopal Conference was named Apostolic visitor to the College.

Cardinal Brady, as Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland, was elected President of the Irish Episcopal Conference.