The theory was popularized in the 1840s by Scottish writer Thomas Carlyle, and in 1860 Herbert Spencer formulated a counter-argument that has remained influential throughout the 20th century to the present ; Spencer said that such great men are the products of their societies, and that their actions would be impossible without the social conditions built before their lifetimes.

He has been a member of Carlyle Group's European Advisory Board since 1998 and was appointed Chairman of Carlyle Europe in May 2001.

Traditionally, the question of why Moniz targeted the frontal lobes in particular has been answered by reference to a presentation by John Fulton and Carlyle Jacobsen at the Second International Congress of Neurology held in London in 1935.

There is a regional Goodyear manufacturing facility that works in conjunction with Veyance Technology, which recently completed an $ 18 million expansion and has investors including the Carlyle Group, a DuPont operation, the eastern United States headquarters of United Rotary Brush, Ray Lewis and Son, Scioto Services, and many others.

Carlyle has investments spread out over several different industries, with about 22 % of their investments in energy and power, 19 % in real estate, 15 % in technology and business services, 8 % in consumer and retail, 8 % in industrial, 6 % in telecommunications and media, 6 % in transportation, 6 % in healthcare, 5 % in aerospace, and 4 % devoted to other industries, according to their 2008 annual report.

Noted current and former portfolio companies include Dex Media, the former directories business of Qwest Communications ; Willcom, a Japanese wireless company ; Casema, a Dutch cable company ; and Insight Communications, the ninth largest cable company in the U. S. The Carlyle Group was once a major investor in US Investigations Services, which is the privatized arm of the United States Office of Personnel Management's Office of Federal Investigations, but has since divested itself, selling its stake to Providence Equity Partners in 2007.

) Since then, The Carlyle Group has divested the majority of its interest from the defense industry.

Carlyle has been profiled in two notable documentaries, Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 911 and William Karel's The World According to Bush.

Carlyle also has provided detail on its links with the Bin Laden family, specifically the relatively minor investments by an estranged half brother.

The conflict discouraged Froude from continuing his biography of Carlyle, as he wrote in 1881, " So much ill will has been shown me in the case of the other letters that I walk as if on hot ashes, and often curse the day when I undertook the business.

The movie " The Tale of Sweeney Todd " ( 1998 ) portrays a young American, Ben Carlyle, who comes to London in search of a diamond merchant who has defaulted on a payment of $ 50, 000 worth of diamonds.

So dissatisfied was Carlyle with the memoir that he resolved to give his own testimony about his friend, and his vivid Life ( 1851 ) has perpetuated the memory of Sterling more than any of the latter's own writings.

It has been said of him that he lacked gracious manners and was too conscious of his intellectual superiority, but his kindly reception in the UK by the likes of Thomas Carlyle and Alfred, Lord Tennyson suggests that he was not without charm.

He has also had to deal with another usurper, in the form of an arrogant young businessman and con artist named Carlyle, who pretended to employ Octavius at his company.

Grundtvig holds a unique position in the cultural history of his country ; he has been styled the Danish Carlyle and he might also be compared to Emerson.

Known for his commitment to authenticity in roles, Carlyle has often altered his lifestyle and physical appearance to better understand a character ; before playing a homeless character in Antonia Bird's Safe, he went to live in the Waterloo area of London where the film was set.

Carlyle is married to make-up artist Anastasia Shirley, with whom he has three children: Ava ( born 2002 ), Harvey ( born 2004 ), and Pearce Joseph ( born 2006 ).

In an interview in late November, director Kenneth Glenaan and Robert Carlyle both agreed that Bolsover was the perfect setting for the film as it ' has been left in the past '.

Michelet has, with Carlyle, disciples in several schools of modern history, whose common aim is to approach the subject matter through involvement rather than objectivity.

At the airport he is met by Felix DeSouza ( Robert Carlyle ), a local " Fixer " who has been sent by his boss Leopold Durant ( Ricky Tomlinson ), head of a local criminal organization, in exchange for two football tickets to the sold-out Liverpool versus Manchester United game.

Skinner has delivered many prestigious lecture-series, including the Gauss Seminars at Princeton ( 1980 ), the Carlyle Lectures at Oxford ( 1980 ), the Messenger Lectures at Cornell ( 1983 ), the Tanner Lectures at Harvard ( 1984 ), the T. S. Eliot Memorial Lectures at Kent ( 1995 ), the Ford Lectures at Oxford ( 2003 ), the Page-Barbour Lectures at Virginia ( 2003 ), the Benedict Lectures at Boston ( 2005 ) and the Adorno Lectures at Frankfurt ( 2005 ).

After Hearst went bankrupt, the paintings were dispersed ; one is in the National Galleries of Scotland in Edinburgh, two are in Hotel Carlyle in New York, one has been in the Allen Memorial Art Museum since 1953 and one is lost.

Since May 2001 he has been employed as a senior adviser at the Carlyle Group .< ref >

Many in the press commented on McKenna's business connections being an asset, notably as a member of the Carlyle Group and his friendship with former President George H. W. Bush.

Some Moose players later commented that Carlyle exhibited a stronger presence and was more demanding in comparison to Smyl.

Albert's personal qualities won for him the cognomen of the Bear, " not from his looks or qualities, for he was a tall handsome man, but from the cognisance on his shield, an able man, had a quick eye as well as a strong hand, and could pick what way was straightest among crooked things, was the shining figure and the great man of the North in his day, got much in the North and kept it, got Brandenburg for one there, a conspicuous country ever since ," says Carlyle, who called Albert " a restless, much-managing, wide-warring man.

* Thomas Carlyle on Algarotti

In his book On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History, Carlyle set out how he saw history as having turned on the decisions of " heroes ", giving detailed analysis of the influence of several such men ( including Muhammad, Shakespeare, Luther, Rousseau, and Napoleon ).

Ivanhoe is sometimes credited for increasing interest in Romanticism and Medievalism ; John Henry Newman claimed Scott " had first turned men's minds in the direction of the middle ages ," while Carlyle and Ruskin made similar claims to Scott's overwhelming influence over the revival based primarily on the publication of this novel.

In 1935 and 1936, Carlyle Jacobsen and colleagues were the first to show the deleterious effect of prefrontal ablation on delayed response.

" The document sold for US $ 21. 3 million on December 18, 2007 to David Rubenstein, managing director of the Carlyle Group and kept on display at the National Archives.

Hamish ( Robert Carlyle ) leads a posse on a death-defying trek across mountain and moorland in order to rescue their friend and save the Stone.

Along with Eslinger and Damasio ’ s experiment on patient E. V. R., Carlyle Jacobsen and John Fulton also experimented on chimpanzees involving the removal of the tissue from the frontal lobe ,< ref >" Lobotomy ".

Carlyle replaced Babcock, who later signed on to coach the Red Wings.

The first Cap ’ n Crunch commercials featured a four-child crew ( Alfie, Brunhilde, Carlyle, and Dave ) and the canine Sea Dog, who sailed with the Cap ’ n on his ship, The Good Ship Guppy.

Thomas Carlyle, in his Sartor Resartus ( 1834 ), compares its hero Diogenes Teufelsdroeckh on several occasions to the Wandering Jew, ( also using the German wording ' der ewige Jude ').

Gridley was laid out on 25 November 1856 by Thomas Carlyle ( c. 1832-?

* R. Carlyle Buley, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1951, was born in Georgetown on July 8, 1893

According to a 2011 ranking called the PEI 300 based on capital raised over the last five years, Carlyle was ranked as the third largest private equity firm in the world, after TPG Capital and Goldman Sachs Principal Investment Area.

The Carlyle Group's investments are focused on East Asia, Europe and North America, with most investment money coming from the United States ( 65 %), Europe ( 25 %), Asia ( 6 %), Latin America, and the Middle East.

Carlyle is a major holder of a company called Synagro, a controvercial company that spreads marginally treated human waste, also known as sludge, on farm fields to grow food for the American dinner plate.

United Defense went public on the New York Stock Exchange in December 2001 with Carlyle retaining a stock ownership position.

In March 2008, Carlyle Capital Corporation, established in August 2006 for the purpose of making investments in U. S. mortgage-backed securities, defaulted on about US $ 16. 6 billion of debt as the global credit crunch brought about by the subprime mortgage crisis worsened for leveraged investors.

Tremors in the mortgage markets induced several of Carlyle's 13 lenders to make margin calls or to declare Carlyle in default on its loans.

In response to the forced liquidation of mortgage-backed assets caused by the Carlyle margin calls and other similar developments in credit markets, on March 11, 2008, the Federal Reserve gave Wall Street's primary dealers the right to post mortgaged-back securities as collateral for loans of up to $ 200 billion in higher-grade, U. S. government-backed securities.

In Fahrenheit 911, Moore makes nine allegations concerning the Carlyle Group, including: That the Bin Laden and Bush families were both connected to the Group ; that following the attacks on September 11, the bin Laden family ’ s investments in the Carlyle Group became an embarrassment to the Carlyle Group and the family was forced to liquidate their assets with the firm ; that the Carlyle group was, in essence, the 11th largest defense contractor in the United States.