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Carmilla predates Bram Stoker's Dracula by 25 years, and has been adapted many times for cinema. Illustration from The Dark Blue by D. H. Friston, 1872
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Carmilla and Bram
Le Fanu's short story collection In a Glass Darkly ( 1872 ) includes the superlative vampire tale Carmilla, which provided fresh blood for that particular strand of the Gothic and influenced Bram Stoker's Dracula ( 1897 ).
Later influential works include the penny dreadful Varney the Vampire ( 1847 ); Sheridan Le Fanu's tale of a lesbian vampire, Carmilla ( 1872 ) and the masterpiece of the genre: Bram Stoker's Dracula ( 1897 ).
Carmilla and Stoker's
Stoker's posthumously published short story " Dracula's Guest ", known as the deleted first chapter to Dracula, shows a more obvious and intact debt to " Carmilla ": Both stories are told in the first person.
Carmilla and Dracula
Although Carmilla is a lesser known and far shorter Gothic vampire story than the generally-considered master work of that genre, Dracula, the latter is heavily influenced by Le Fanu's short story.
The descriptions of Carmilla and the character of Lucy in Dracula are similar, and have become archetypes for the appearance of the waif-like victims and seducers in vampire stories as being tall, slender, languid, and with large eyes, full lips and soft voices.
Some short stories set in the Anno Dracula universe have also included Carmilla.
* In six of the Castlevania games ; Circle of the Moon, Rondo of Blood, its PSP remake Dracula X Chronicles, Simon's Quest, Judgment, and Lords of Shadow ; there is a female vampire named Carmilla ( also spelled Camilla in Circle of the Moon ).
This led to her appearing in the work of Edgar Allan Poe, and as the vampire, notably in Carmilla and Brides of Dracula.
She starred as " Carmilla / Mircalla " in The Vampire Lovers ( 1970 ), based on Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu's novella Carmilla, and played the title role in Countess Dracula ( 1971 ), based on the legends around Countess Elizabeth Báthory.
Carmilla and by
Carmilla is a Gothic novella by Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu.
When a funeral procession passes by the two girls and Laura begins singing a hymn, Carmilla bursts out in rage and scolds Laura for singing a Christian song.
Funeral, illustration by Michael Fitzgerald for Carmilla in The Dark Blue, January 1872
* The novel is mentioned and referenced by some of the other characters in the 2011 movie The Moth Diaries ; Carmilla also seems to have inspired the main antagonist Ernessa, played by Lily Cole.
* On November 20, 1981, the CBC Radio series Nightfall aired an adaptation of Carmilla written by Graham Pomeroy and John Douglas.
* Cradle of Filth, a popular British extreme metal band, has produced an album called Dusk ... and Her Embrace inspired by " Carmilla ", and have also recorded an instrumental track titled " Carmilla's Masque ".
One of these, " Surrender into the Roses " ( also known as " Carmilla " and " Coming Up ") was inspired by the tale.
* A chamber opera version of Carmilla appeared in 1970 ( Carmilla: A Vampire Tale, music by Ben Johnston, script by Wilford Leach ).
* Carmilla, a musical theater adaptation by Allan Jaffe and Deborah Atherton circa 1995.
* The songs " A Very Strange Agony " and " To Die Only Once " of the Spanish symphonic metal band Döxa were inspired by " Carmilla ".
* The novel Carmilla: The Return, written in 1999 by Kyle Marffin, begins in 19th century Austria but follows Carmilla's life into 1990s Michigan.
* The story of Carmilla is illustrated using old antique etchings by Tiffini Elektra X in the book In This House: A Collection of Altered Art Imagery and Collage Techniques.
* In 1991, Aircel Comics published a six-issue black and white miniseries of Carmilla by Steven Jones and John Ross.
14: Gothic Classics ( 2007 ) contains an adaptation of Carmilla, illustrated by Lisa K. Weber and adapted by Rod Lott.
* Carmilla ( a lesbian vampire ) is the leading character of most of the Italian comics by Francesca Paolucci ( published in Italy by EF Edizioni ).
She goes by the name of Laura, and Integra asks her if she is the vampire Carmilla.
Carmilla and has
* Theatres des Vampires, an Italian extreme gothic metal band has produced a video single called " Carmilla " for its album Moonlight Waltz
* In the video game Lunar Knights, a character named Sheridan has a maid named Carmilla.
* In HBO TV series True Blood, Season 2-Episodes 5 and 6, a hotel in Dallas Texas has been built for Vampires called " Hotel Carmilla.
Carmilla and been
Vampires in particular have been described as obvious erotic metaphors and as a result, numerous vampire films since the 1970s strongly imply or explicitly show lesbianism, following the inspiration of lesbian vampire story Carmilla.
Carmilla and adapted
* Danish director Carl Dreyer loosely adapted Carmilla for his 1932 film Vampyr but deleted any references to lesbian sexuality.
Carmilla and times
Carmilla herself is mentioned several times as a former ( until her death at the hands of vampire hunters ) friend of the book's vampire heroine Geneviève.
Carmilla and for
Carmilla flees and the General explains to Laura that Carmilla is also Millarca, both anagrams for the original name of the vampire Countess Mircalla Karnstein.
Hall's account provides much of the Styrian background and in particular a model for both Carmilla and Laura in the figure of Jane Anne Cranstoun, Countess Purgstall.
Carmilla, the title character, is the original prototype for a legion of female and lesbian vampires.
Though Le Fanu portrays his vampire's sexuality with the circumspection that one would expect for his time, it is evident that lesbian attraction is the main dynamic between Carmilla and the narrator of the story:
* In 1990, Gabrielle Beaumont created a film adaptation for a horror anthology television series Nightmare Classics titled " Carmilla ", which is one of the more faithful adaptations of the story, though the setting was transported to post-Civil War Deep South of the United States.
More disturbing, however, is the hero Spalatro's necrophiliac passion for an undead blood-drinking beauty, who seems to be a predecessor of Le Fanu's later female vampire Carmilla.
* The Daeva, for instance, evoke the image of vampires as seductive, decadent, sexually transgressive predators who blur lust and hunger together, equating the act of feeding with sensual pleasure, like Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu's Carmilla.
Near the end of the movie, Meier Link goes with Charlotte to the Castle of Chaythe, where Countess Carmilla, Meier Link's patron, waits for them.
It is based on the J. Sheridan Le Fanu novella Carmilla and is part of the so-called Karnstein Trilogy of films, the other films being Lust for a Vampire ( 1971 ) and Twins of Evil ( 1972 ).
Carmilla and cinema
In the west, this can be seen as long ago as the 1872 novel Carmilla, and is also seen in cinema in such popular films as Emmanuelle, The Hunger, Showgirls, and most of all in pornography.
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