Alphonsus a Sancta Maria, or Alphonso de Cartagena ( 1396 – July 12, 1456 ), Spanish historian, was born at Cartagena, and succeeded his father, Paulus, as bishop of Burgos.

The most important port and harbours are Algeciras, Barcelona, Valencia and Bilbao others: Cádiz, Cartagena, Ceuta, Huelva, A Coruña, Las Palmas, Málaga, Melilla, Gijón, Palma de Mallorca, Saguntum, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Los Cristianos ( Tenerife ), Santander, Tarragona, Vigo, Motril, Almería, Seville, Castellón de la Plana, Alicante, Pasaia, Avilés, and Ferrol.

* Introductory note by Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, procedural history note and audiovisual material on the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law

pt: Protocolo de Cartagena sobre Biossegurança

The news of the naval disaster against Spain in the Battle of Cartagena de Indias also prompted the end of his political career.

Notably, at the 1697 joint French-buccaneer siege of Cartagena, led by Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis, the buccaneers and the French regulars parted on extremely bitter terms.

Following the success of Portobelo, Vernon decided to try to Cartagena de Indias, considered both by him and by the governor of Jamaica Edward Trelawny a priority.

Even in October 1739 Vernon had sent his first Lieutenant Percival along with two Spanish Fraternity on the ship, with the excuse to deliver a letter to Blas de Lezo and another who at that time was the governor of Cartagena, Don Pedro Hidalgo.

While the British maintained their forces spread across the Caribbean between Portobelo and Cartagena, in Spain there was an event that would have a decisive value after: started from the gallego port of Ferrol Galicia vessels and San Carlos carrying Lieutenant General of the Royal Armies gift Sebastián de Eslava y Lazaga would replace Don Pedro Hidalgo as governor of Cartagena de Indias.

Instead of concentrating his next attack on Havana with the intention of conquering Cuba, as expected, Vernon depart again to New Granada to attack Cartagena de Indias, the main port of the Viceroyalty and main point of the Indian fleet to the Iberian Peninsula.

Castillo San Felipe de Barajas ( Cartagena, Colombia | Cartagena ).

The largest action of the war was a major amphibious attack launched by the British under Admiral Edward Vernon in March, 1741 against Cartagena de Indias, one of Spain's principal gold-trading ports in their colony of New Granada ( today Colombia ).

The strong fortifications in Cartagena and the able strategy of Spanish Commander Blas de Lezo were decisive in repelling the attack, with heavy losses on the British side.

El día que España derrotó a Inglaterra: de cómo Blas de Lezo, tuerto, manco y cojo, venció en Cartagena de Indias a la otra " Armada Invencible ".

Don Blas de Lezo: defensor de Cartagena de Indias.

Cartagena or Cartagena de Indias (, Cartagena of the Indies ), is a large Caribbean beach resort city on the northern coast of Colombia in the Caribbean Coast Region and capital of Bolívar Department.

The Puerto Hormiga Culture, found in the Caribbean coast region, particularly in the area from the Sinú River Delta to the Cartagena de Indias Bay, appears to be the first documented human community in what is now Colombia.

Absent a male successor to the Spanish Habsburg throne, King Louis XIV wanted his grandson Felipe V to assert the right of succession, and the taking of Cartagena de Indias could help significantly.

On February 5, 1610, the Catholic Monarchs established the Inquisition Holy Office Court in Cartagena de Indias by a royal decree issued by King Philip II.

The pro-trade economic policies of the new dynasty in Madrid bolstered the economics of Cartagena de Indias, and the establishment of the Viceroyalty of the New Granada in 1717 placed the city in the position of being the greatest beneficiary of the colony.

In March 1741, the city endured a large-scale attack by British and American colonial troops led by Admiral Edward Vernon ( 1684 – 1757 ), who arrived at Cartagena with a massive fleet of 186 ships and 23, 600 men, including 12, 000 infantry, against six Spanish ships and fewer than 6, 000 men, in an action known as the Battle of Cartagena de Indias, part of the War of Jenkin's Ear.

Legend has it that Charles III of Spain, while reviewing in Madrid the Spanish defense expenditures for Havana and Cartagena de Indias, looked through his spyglass and remarked, " This is outrageous!

Cartagena de Indias features a tropical wet and dry climate.

Cartagena de Indias averages around 90 % humidity, with rainy seasons typically in May – June and October – November.

Cartagena de Indias is rarely touched by the hurricanes that decimate other Caribbean capitals like Havana, Santo Domingo, Kingston or San Juan.

Tourism in Leticia has boomed and the town is today the second tourism destination for foreigners after Cartagena de Indias.

For this performance he received the Best Actor Award at the Cartagena de Indias Festival in Colombia, 1986.

* Battle of Cartagena de Indias, a 1741 battle in Cartagena, Columbia

* The Biosafety Clearing-House ( BCH ) web site, an " information exchange mechanism " established by the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety under the CBD

By this time, the slave trade had been established in the Americas for about a century ; Cartagena was a slave-trading hub.

Bolívar decided to rejoin the patriot cause and made his way to Cartagena de Indias, which had established itself as an independent republic on November 11, 1811 ( in reaction as much to events in Spain as to attempts by the junta in Bogotá to control it ) and joined a few days later in a confederation with four other provinces, the United Provinces of New Granada.

In 1969, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru established the group by the Treaty of Cartagena.

) was an ancient seaport town on the south coast of Spain, between Malaca ( now Málaga ) and Carthago Nova ( now Cartagena ), in the district inhabited by the Bastuli.

Colombia's most important ocean terminals are Barranquilla, Cartagena, and Santa Marta on the Caribbean Coast and Buenaventura and Tumaco on the Pacific Coast.

It also covers the rapidly expanding field of biotechnology through its Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, addressing technology development and transfer, benefit-sharing and biosafety issues.

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety of the Convention, also known as the Biosafety Protocol, was adopted in January 2000.

The one incident that resulted in the death of Gibraltarians occurred on 31 January 1938 when the insurgent submarine General Sanjurjo sank the SS Endymion, a small Gibraltar-registered freighter taking a cargo of coal to Cartagena, which was chartered by the Republican government.

The Byzantines took Cartagena and other cities on the southeastern coast and founded the new province of Spania before being checked by their former ally Athanagild, who had by now become king.

In a communique dated 28 November but released publicly on 3 December, the FARC-EP declared that they were no longer insisting on the demilitarization of San Vicente del Caguán and Cartagena del Chairá as a precondition for the negotiation of the prisoner exchange, but instead that of Florida and Pradera in the Valle department.

He was kidnapped on 5 December 2000 while jogging in the Caribbean coastal city of Cartagena.

When they did so, a failed attack was made on the South American port of Cartagena which left thousands of British troops dead, over half from disease, and cost many ships.

* 1888 – 1890: Isaac Peral of Cartagena, Spain launches his pioneering submarine on September 8, 1888.

** UNCTAD VIII in Cartagena, Colombia on 8 – 25 February 1992

The international Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety deals primarily with the agricultural definition but many advocacy groups seek to expand it to include post-genetic threats: new molecules, artificial life forms, and even robots which may compete directly in the natural food chain.

The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is an international agreement on biosafety, as a supplement to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

* Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity ( 2000 ) Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity: text and annexes.

* Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity ( 2004 ) Global Biosafety-From concepts to action: Decisions adopted by the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.