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Carthage, seeking to make up for the recent territorial losses and a plentiful source of silver to pay the large indemnity owed to Rome, turned its attention to Iberia, and in 237 BC the Carthaginians, led by Hamilcar Barca, began a series of campaigns to expand their control over the peninsula.
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Carthage and seeking
Carthage and Elymians joined hands in 510 BC to oppose the expedition of Prince Dorieus, who had lost the Spartan throne and was seeking to found a colony, showed up to colonize Eryx – after being expelled from Libya by Carthage in 511 BC.
Carthage and make
After the Romans finally defeated Carthage and totally destroyed the city, they engaged in post-war propaganda to make their archenemies seem cruel and less civilized.
* Carthage and Rome make a treaty whereby Roman ships undertake not to trade to the west of Carthage while the Carthaginians undertake not to interfere in Latin politics.
* Rome and Carthage make a trade agreement under which Carthage will not attack those Latin states which are faithful to Rome.
The Carthaginians are inclined to come to terms with Pyrrhus, but he demands that Carthage abandon all of Sicily and make the Libyan Sea the boundary between Carthage and the Greeks.
A number of prominent Christians did, in fact, refuse to make a sacrifice and were killed in the process, including Pope Fabian himself in 250, and " anti-Christian feeling led to pogroms at Carthage and Alexandria.
* Carthage should not make war on Syracuse and their allies
Funded by the Works Progress Administration, the original courthouse was razed in December 1935 to make way for the current Carthage stone, Art Deco-style courthouse, which was designed by architect Neal C. Davis, a Newton County native.
After the Romans defeated Carthage and totally destroyed the city, they engaged in post-war propaganda to make their arch-enemies seem cruel and less civilized.
Outraged with their conduct, Carthage went to war against them, in defiance of the Roman treaty forbidding them to make war on anyone, thus precipitating the Third Punic War ( 149 – 146 BC ).
Although they were inclined to come to terms with Pyrrhus, supply him money and send him ships once friendly relations were established, he demanded that Carthage abandon all of Sicily and make the Libyan Sea a boundary between themselves and the Greeks.
The fugitive servants divide up the treasure ( Croessa gets a ring ) and make for the sea, but soon run afoul of Phoenician pirates who take Croessa and Cabiria to Carthage where the little girl is sold to Karthalo, the High Priest.
The Carthaginians denied that Rome had a treaty with Carthage, pointing out that they had repudiated the Ebro Treaty, claiming that it was unratified, in order to make another with Saguntum, which had previously been defined as neutral.
The fame of the martyrs led to the building of a basilica in their honour at Carthage ; and their annual commemoration required that the brevity and obscurity of their Acts should be supplemented and explained, to make them suitable for public recitation.
Carthage and up
After a brief but fierce storm sent up against the group at Juno's request, Aeneas and his fleet made landfall at Carthage after six years of wanderings.
The propositions drawn up by the deacon Paulinus of Milan, on account of which Caelestius had been condemned at Carthage in 411, were laid before him.
In addition, some 4000 Iberian men " of good family were called up who were under orders to be conveyed to Carthage to strengthen its defence, and also to serve as hostages for the loyalty of their people.
The mercenaries take up arms, march on Tunis, occupy it, and threaten Carthage directly.
The Selinuntines are again mentioned in 397 BCE as declaring in favor of Dionysius during his war with Carthage ; but both the city and territory were again given up to the Carthaginians by the peace of 383 BCE ( Id.
* Because of his administrative and constitutional reforms in Carthage, Hannibal becomes unpopular with an important faction of the Carthaginian nobility and he is denounced to the Romans for inciting the Seleucid king Antiochus III to take up arms against the Romans.
However, Carthage defers to Rome rather than enter yet another war and gives up any claim to Sardinia.
At the Synod of Hippo ( 393 ), and again at the Synod of 397 at Carthage, a list of the books of Holy Scripture was drawn up, which survives to the current day as the Catholic canon ( including some books considered apocrypha by Protestants ).
Hamilcar had to promise considerable rewards to keep the morale of his army up, which was to near fatal problems for Carthage later on.
Several historic buildings on the narrow block at the intersection of Montgomery Road and Carthage Avenue were razed to " open up " the office park's visibility from Interstate 71.
In 409, Marcellinus of Carthage, Emperor Honorius's secretary of state, decreed the Donatists heretical and demanded that they give up their churches.
He was brought up in Carthage, an ally of his father.
After being ejected from Carthage, Gelimer set up at Bulla Regia in Numidia, about 100 miles to the west of Carthage ( at what is now the western border of modern Tunisia ).
He grew up on his family's farm in Panola County and attended grade school in Carthage.
Himera and Rhegion next became allies of Carthage, the tyrants even build up personal relationships with the Magonid dynasty of Carthage.
As part of the terms of the treaty, Rome demanded that Carthage give up " all islands lying between Sicily and Italy ", immediately pay Rome a sum of 1, 000 talents of gold, and pay a further 2, 000 talents over a period of 10 years.
Weakened by both the First Punic War and the Mercenary War, Carthage immediately surrendered rather than enter into a conflict with Rome again, giving up all claims on Sardinia and Corsica, and agreed to pay a further indemnity of 1, 200 talents.
The mercenaries take up arms, march on Tunis, occupy it, and threaten Carthage directly.
* Carthage surrenders to Rome once again, rather than enter into another war, giving up any claim to Sardinia and Corsica, and adding another 1, 200 talents to its debt to Rome.
Carthage and for
By the 3rd century BC, the rival armies of Carthage and Rome began to invade and fight for control of the Iberian Peninsula.
After the victory, in 534, the Temple treasure of Jerusalem, looted by the Romans in 70 AD and taken to Carthage by the Vandals after their sack of Rome in 455, was brought to Constantinople and deposited for a time, perhaps in the Church of St. Polyeuctus, before being returned to Jerusalem in either the Church of the Resurrection or the New Church.
In his history of the Donatist heresy, Saint Optatus recounts that at Carthage a Catholic matron, named Lucilla, incurred the censures of the Church for having kissed the relics of a reputed martyr whose claims to martyrdom had not been juridically proved.
The series of wars between Rome and Carthage were known to the Romans as the " Punic Wars " because of the Latin name for the Carthaginians: Punici, derived from Phoenici, referring to the Carthaginians ' Phoenician ancestry.
Following the defeat at the river Longanus, the Mamertines appealed to both Rome and Carthage for assistance, and acting first the Carthaginians approached Hiero to take no further action and convinced the Mamertines to accept a Carthaginian garrison in Messana.
Either unhappy with the prospect of a Carthaginian garrison, or convinced that the recent alliance between Rome and Carthage against Pyrrhus reflected cordial relations between the two, the Mamertines petitioned Rome for an alliance, hoping for more reliable protection.
According to the historian Polybius, considerable debate took place in Rome on the question of whether to accept the Mamertines ' appeal for help, and thus likely enter into a war with Carthage.
At first, Regulus was victorious, winning the Battle of Adys and forcing Carthage to sue for peace.
Carthage lost most of its fleet and was economically incapable of funding another, or of finding manpower for the crews.
The terms of the Treaty of Lutatius designed by the Romans were particularly heavy for Carthage, which had lost bargaining power following its defeat at the Aegates islands.
The indemnity demanded by the Romans caused strain on the city's finances and forced Carthage to look to other areas of influence for the money to pay Rome.
The resulting Battle of Cape Ecnomus is a major victory for Rome, who lands in Africa and advances on Carthage.
The Battle of Adys is the first Roman success on African soil and Carthage sues for peace.
Hannibal occupied much of Italy for 15 years, but a Roman counter-invasion of North Africa forced him to return to Carthage, where he was decisively defeated by Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama.
As they became politically interested in the former territories of Carthage, the Romans came to use Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior for ' near ' and ' far Spain '.
The Council of North African bishops, which included Augustine of Hippo, held at Carthage in 418 did not explicitly endorse all aspects of Augustine's stern view about the destiny of infants who die without baptism, but the Latin Fathers of the 5th and 6th centuries did adopt his position, and it became a point of reference for Latin theologians in the Middle Ages.
" From its earliest beginnings, Christianity spread much more quickly in major urban areas ( like Antioch, Alexandria, Carthage, Corinth, Rome ) than in the countryside ( in fact, the early church was almost entirely urban ), and soon the word for " country dweller " became synonymous with someone who was " not a Christian ," giving rise to the modern meaning of " pagan.
Because Ptolemy derived many of his key latitudes from crude longest day values, his latitudes are erroneous on average by roughly a degree ( 2 degrees for Byzantium, 4 degrees for Carthage ), though capable ancient astronomers knew their latitudes to more like a minute.
After his defection, Alcibiades claimed to the Spartans that the Athenians planned to use Sicily as a springboard for the conquest of all of Italy and Carthage, and to use the resources and soldiers from these new conquests to conquer the Peloponnese.
The Mamertines enlisted the aid of the Carthaginian navy, and then subsequently betrayed them by entreating the Roman Senate for aid against Carthage.
With the two powers now embroiled in the conflict, tensions quickly escalated into a full-scale war between Carthage and Rome for the control of Sicily.
As Carthage was under siege and engaged in a difficult civil war, they begrudgingly accepted the loss of these islands and the subsequent Roman conditions for ongoing peace, which also increased the war indemnity levied against Carthage after the first Punic War.
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